Effect of polymerization conditions on o‐phenylenediamine and o‐phenetidine oxidative copolymers

A series of new o‐phenylenediamine (OPD)/o‐phenetidine (PHT) copolymers with partly phenazine‐like structures has been successfully synthesized at three polymerization temperatures by chemically oxidative polymerization in four different polymerization media. The molecular structures and properties of the resulting OPD/PHT polymers were investigated by IR, UV–vis and high‐resolution ¹H NMR spectroscopies, and DSC, in order to ascertain the effect of reaction temperature, comonomer ratio and acid medium. The copolymerization mechanism of OPD with PHT monomers has been proposed. It is found that the statistical OPD/PHT copolymer obtained at a temperature of 118 °C has a higher degree of polymerization than that obtained at 12–17 °C. The OPD content in the copolymers calculated from NMR spectroscopic analysis is higher than that in the feed OPD content, whereas the OPD content calculated from element analysis is slightly lower than the feed OPD content. It can be predicted that denitrogenation takes place in the OPD units during the polymerization process at OPD/PHT molar ratios of 90/10 and 100/0. These OPD/PHT copolymers exhibit a much better solubility than the OPD homopolymer, hence suggesting an incorporation of PHT units into the phenazine structure of the homopolymer. The thermal behavior of the copolymers was also studied. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

熔体的粘度，亚稳相，相变和相图——Ⅲ．合金液相相图

对Sn（x）Bi（1-x）11种组分（x=0.10％，20％…80％，90％，100％）的熔体的粘度进行了测量，给出了它们的相变点Tt，相区和相参数；根据这些参数作出了一个二元合金液相相图；为了表明相区的划分和每个相区的结构特征提出两种相图的形式；第1，温度一组分（T-X）图，第2，结构-组分（df-x）图。     

Structure evolution of conductive polymer composites revealed by solvent vapor induced time-dependent percolation

The authors of this paper synthesized a series of amphiphilic triblock copolymers of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polystyrene (PS-PEG-PS) having different PEG/PS ratios with nearly identical molecular weights of the entire copolymers. The interfacial interactions in the composites consisting of carbon black and the copolymers can thus be tailored. When these conducting composites are exposed to certain solvent vapors, their electrical resistances greatly increase, showing the gas sensitivity. The present work indicated that this switching behavior is controlled by the structural relaxation of the composites because matrix swelling acts as the main mechanism. The response time has been correlated with absolute temperature by Arrhenius equation, and the estimated activation energy reflects mobility of the fillers involved in the solvent induced expansion of the surrounding polymer. Therefore, by using the gas sensibility of the conductive composites, the structure evolution of the composite materials in solid state and the effect of filler/matrix interfacial interaction on the relaxation property of the matrix polymer has been inspected. It was found that lower activation energy represents stronger interfacial interaction in case good solvent of the matrix was used for the test.     

Photocatalytic degradation of 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylphenyl) propane (BPP) based on molecular recognition interaction

BACKGROUND: Endocrine disruptors in the aquatic environment and their potential adverse effects are currently issues of concern. One of these endocrine disruptors is 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylphenyl)propane (BPP). In this work the molecular recognition interaction of BPP with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) was studied using IR spectroscopy and steady state fluorescence spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic degradation behaviour of BPP based on molecular recognition interaction was investigated in a TiO₂/UV–visible (λ_max = 365 nm) system. This might provide a new method for the treatment of some organic pollutants in wastewater. RESULTS: β‐CD reacts with BPP to form a 1:1 inclusion complex, the formation constant of which is 4.94 × 10³ L mol^?1. The photodegradation rate constant of BPP after molecular recognition by β‐CD showed a 1.42‐fold increase in the TiO₂/UV–visible (λ_max = 365 nm) system. The photodegradation of BPP depended on the concentration of β‐CD, the pH value, the gaseous medium and the initial concentration of BPP. The photodegradation efficiency of BPP with molecular recognition was higher than that without molecular recognition. After 100 min of irradiation the mineralisation efficiency of BPP after molecular recognition by β‐CD reached 94.8%, whereas the mineralisation efficiency of BPP before molecular recognition by β‐CD was only 40.6%. CONCLUSION: The photocatalytic degradation of BPP after molecular recognition by β‐CD can be enhanced in the TiO₂/UV‐visible (λ_max = 365 nm) system. This enhancement is dependent on the enhancement of the adsorption of BPP, the moderate inclusion depth of BPP in the β‐CD cavity and the increase in the frontier electron density of BPP after molecular recognition. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

经济共同富裕要求政治共同民主和文化共同繁荣

政治共同民主为经济共同富裕提供制度基础和政治保障。其中,民主政治是实现共同富裕的前提,建立有效、灵活和合理的政府是关键,健全法制是实现共同富裕的保障。文化共同繁荣为共同富裕提供精神动力和智力支持。     

绿色理念的内涵拓展与绿色图书馆建设

绿色图书馆是图书馆学的一个新的研究方向和发展趋势.文章首先深刻挖掘绿色内涵的本质,阐述正确理解绿色图书馆的含义,接着探讨了绿色图书馆建设的要素取向,从而明确了现阶段发展绿色图书馆的必要性.     

江苏复杂断块高含水单元改善水驱效果的技术对策

在分析高含水开发单元特点的基础上,针对该阶段剩余油的品位、分布和油水关系极为复杂、挖潜难度大的技术难点,提出了适合江苏复杂断块油田高含水开发单元改善水驱开发效果的思路和工作程序、技术对策,并在真武油田高含水开发单元进行了实际应用,取得了良好的效果.     

基于网点形状与平版印刷关系的研究

通过研究网点的作用和基本参数，以及网点形状与平版印刷的关系，对比了2种常用网点形状（正方形网点和圆形网点）的印刷特性，从而说明不同的网点形状会产生不同的复制效果。     

Km高温抗蚀耐磨涂料在省煤器中的应用

锅炉省煤器磨损一直是困绕锅炉稳定运行的主要因素之一。本介绍了Km高温抗蚀耐磨涂料的性能、特点，以及在实际生产中的使用情况，通过实践充分肯定了Km高温抗蚀耐磨涂料的可行性、可靠性和经济性。     

钒-氢反应规律与钒基固溶体贮氢合金开发

钒基固溶体贮氢合金是近年来开发的一种新型高性能贮氢材料。文中介绍了钒—氢反应的基本规律及钒基因溶体贮氢材料的特点，并对钒基因溶体贮氢合金的研究及开发现状进行了综述。