利用微波-光波组合技术干燥黄姜的试验研究

采用微波、光波及微波-光波组合干燥的方法对黄姜的干燥工艺、效果进行了研究.试验表明,采用微波-光波组合干燥技术较常规传统干燥时间缩短了5～10倍,生产效益大大提高,并且干燥后的黄姜品质好、等级高.     

热风微波干燥龙眼肉工艺的优化

针对龙眼肉原料受热不均匀和微波干燥速率过快与局部过焦的问题,尝试在干燥前将原料均匀涂抹经过适度加热的玉米调和油,然后再进行热风微波干燥,旨在通过降低微波干燥的加热速度来提高龙眼肉的生产效率和产品品质。文中建立了具体的感官评价体系,从功率密度、加热方式、初始含水率3个方面分析添加油脂膜的龙眼肉在微波干燥过程中的颜色变化、干燥速率变化、感官评价变化。实验找到了经油脂涂膜处理的龙眼肉在热风微波干燥工艺的优化点:4W/g功率、微波10s间歇40s、初水分含量50%～60%、食用油脂含2%～4%。与未使用任何预处理的热风微波干燥龙眼肉相比较,该工艺可以得到更加良好的品质,且保质期在6m。     

肉豆蔻精油与环糊精及其衍生物的包合作用的研究

采用荧光光谱法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)及其衍生物与肉豆蔻精油(NEO)的包结条件。测定了不同温度下的包结常数和热力学参数ΔG、ΔH和ΔS,发现包结反应为放热过程,肉豆蔻精油与β-CD及其衍生物的包结比均为1∶1。实验表明,最佳的包结时间为40 min;离子强度对此包结过程无显著影响;中性条件下更有利于包结反应。包结能力顺序为β-CDDM-β-CDG-β-CDHP-β-CD。     

猪脾脏多肽的酶法制备及其生物活性研究

目的 探索酶解法制备猪脾脏多肽的最佳条件,检测所得产物的生物活性.方法 用胰酶酶解法、正交试验、甲醛滴定法考察最佳酶解条件,用乙醇沉淀法收集多肽,并分别用Fe2+诱发卵黄脂蛋白多不饱和脂肪酸过氧化体系和纤维蛋白平板法检测多肽的抗氧化活性和溶栓活性,CM-Sepharose离子交换层析纯化最佳酶解条件F的脾多肽,利用SDS-PAGE电泳确定具备促凝活性的多肽分子片段相对分子质量.结果 最佳酶解条件为60℃,pH 7.0,加酶量6.0%,时间5.5 h;检测到脾多肽具备抗氧化活性和促凝活性,经纯化后的脾多肽促凝时间比正常对照提前20 s.结论 可初步判断猪脾脏多肽在抗氧化和凝血方面有一定作用,且首次证实猪脾多肽具有凝血功能.     

Physicochemical and textural characteristics and volatile compounds of semihard goat cheese as affected by starter cultures

Today, cheese is valued because of its high nutritional value and unique characteristics. Improving the texture and flavor of cheese by selecting suitable starter cultures is an important way to promote the development of cheese industry. The effect of starter cultures on the physicochemical and textural properties and volatile compounds during the ripening of semihard goat cheese were investigated in this work. Different starter cultures—mesophilic (M) and thermophilic starters (T), Lactobacillus plantarum ssp. plantarum ATCC 14917 (Lp), a mix of the M and T starters (M1), and mix of the M, T, and Lp starters (M2)—were used in the production of the goat cheeses. Volatile compounds were determined by a solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (SPME/GC-MS) method. The results showed that the moisture content of cheeses produced with the 5 kinds of starter cultures decreased after maturation, whereas ash content increased. The pH values of goat cheeses decreased first and then increased during maturity, and the pH value of M2 cheese was the lowest among the cheeses. The hardness and chewiness of the cheeses increased with increasing maturity, whereas cohesiveness, springiness, and resilience showed the opposite tendency. The 60-d-old cheese made with Lp had the highest chewiness, cohesiveness, springiness, and resilience, whereas the 60-d-old cheese made with M2 had the highest hardness. A total of 53 volatile components were identified by SPME/GC-MS, and carboxylic acids, alcohols, ketones, and esters were the 4 major contributors to the characteristic flavors of the cheeses. Volatile components and their contents differed greatly among the produced cheeses. The M2 cheese contained the highest relative content of the main volatile compounds (90.10%), especially butanoic acid and acetoin. Through a comprehensive comparison of the results, we concluded that M2 cheese had a dense texture and milky flavor, and M2 is a potential starter culture candidate for the production of goat cheese.     

天然调味香料百里香精油的研究进展

综述了天然调味香料百里香精油的提取方法、化学成分、以及生物活性物质的功能和应用,并对其应用前景进行了展望,为合理有效地综合利用百里香资源提供有价值的参考。     

发展主食专用粉大有必要

1 主食专用粉是小麦加工业的突破口 1)主食专用粉是小麦加工业的重要方向 我国早在食品工业"十五"发展规划中就明确指出:小麦加工业积极发展食品专用粉,开发强力粉、中力粉、薄力粉等多品种粉和传统食品专用粉,合理使用添加剂,使一日三餐主食消费的工业食品城镇居民占50%以上,农村居民占20%以上.     

Biofilm Formation by Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Non-O157 Strains and Their Tolerance to Sanitizers Commonly Used in the Food Processing Environment

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are important foodborne pathogens. Among these, E. coli O157:H7 is the most frequently isolated STEC serotype responsible for foodborne diseases. However, the non-O157 serotypes have been associated with serious outbreaks and sporadic diseases as well. It has been shown that various STEC serotypes are capable of forming biofilms on different food or food contact surfaces that, when detached, may lead to cross-contamination. Bacterial cells at biofilm stage also are more tolerant to sanitizers compared with their planktonic counterparts, which makes STEC biofilms a serious food safety concern. In the present study, we evaluated the potency of biofilm formation by a variety of STEC strains from serotypes O157:H7, O26:H11, and O111:H8; we also compared biofilm tolerance with two types of common sanitizers, a quaternary ammonium chloride-based sanitizer and chlorine. Our results demonstrated that biofilm formation by various STEC serotypes on a polystyrene surface was highly strain-dependent, whereas the two non-O157 serotypes showed a higher potency of pellicle formation at air-liquid interfaces on a glass surface compared with serotype O157:H7. Significant reductions of viable biofilm cells were achieved with sanitizer treatments. STEC biofilm tolerance to sanitization was strain-dependent regardless of the serotypes. Curli expression appeared to play a critical role in STEC biofilm formation and tolerance to sanitizers. Our data indicated that multiple factors, including bacterial serotype and strain, surface materials, and other environmental conditions, could significantly affect STEC biofilm formation. The high potential for biofilm formation by various STEC serotypes, especially the strong potency of pellicle formation by the curli-positive non-O157 strains with high sanitization tolerance, might contribute to bacterial colonization on food contact surfaces, which may result in downstream product contamination.     

美洲雁肉常温真空复合保鲜效果的研究

采用醋酸、姜汁和抗坏血酸(VC)3种保鲜剂处理鲜雁肉,再结合真空包装,研究常温下各种保鲜剂对雁肉的保鲜效果,并以不同配比的保鲜剂进行组合,进行正交实验,以肉样感官评价、TVB-N含量和菌落总数为评价指标,优选出保鲜效果最佳的复合保鲜剂。实验结果表明:复合保鲜剂使用效果优于单一保鲜剂,0.4%醋酸+6%姜汁+1%抗坏血酸的复合保鲜剂保鲜效果最佳,常温下可使美洲雁肉保质期达11d。     

民国“烟台西公顺”票帖颜料无损分析

北京印刷学院印刷与包装工程学院印刷史研究室收藏"烟台西公顺"票帖两种,主体图案分别为红色、蓝色,长方形竖排版式,版心上方为"烟台西公顺"五字横排,下为竖排面值及流通区域、防伪千字文,其外一周为人物故事装饰画,用纸用墨考究,印刷异常精美。利用北京印刷学院印刷与包装工程学院拉曼光谱实验室XploRA显微共聚焦拉曼光谱仪对三种票帖印刷颜料进行无损分析,结果显示,红色颜料为朱砂（Cinnabar,HgS）、蓝色颜料为青金石(Lapis lazuli,（Na,Ca）4-8（AlSiO₄）₆（SO₄,S,Cl）_1-2)。