Terminal location method with NLOS exclusion based on unsupervised learning in 5G‐LEO satellite communication systems

We investigate the terminal location method in 5G‐Low Earth Orbit (5G‐LEO) satellite communication systems. To overcome the dependence on the external Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), we propose to use a single LEO satellite in 5G‐LEO satellite communication systems for terminal location and utilize the downlink synchronization detection for pseudorange differential measurement. Then, a data clustering method of unsupervised machine learning is proposed to classify the measured data into line‐of‐sight (LOS) and non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) signals. Furthermore, the NLOS data are excluded, and the Taylor series expansion iteration method is used to calculate the terminal coordinates. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of NLOS error on measurement results and improve the accuracy of terminal location. In simulated urban scenario, the average location accuracy is improved from 10 km by traditional methods to 0.7 km and the convergence time is reduced from 400 to 250s.     

Compositional and Dimensional Control of 2D and Quasi‐2D Lead Halide Perovskites in Water

Blue light emitting two dimensional (2D) and quasi‐2D layered halide perovskites (LHPs) are gaining attention in solid‐state lighting applications but their fragile stability in humid condition is one of the most pressing issues for their practical applications. Though water is much greener and cost effective, organic solvents must be used during synthesis as well as the device fabrication process for these LHPs due to their water‐sensitivity/instability and consequently, water‐stable blue‐light emitting 2D and quasi‐2D LHPs have not been documented yet. Here, water‐mediated facile and cost‐effective syntheses, characterizations, and optical properties of 16 organic–inorganic hybrid compounds are reported including 2D (A′)₂PbX₄ (A′ = butylammonium, X = Cl/Br/I) (8 compounds), 3D perovskites (4), and quasi‐2D (A′)_pA_x?1B_xX_3x+1 LHPs (A = methylammonium) (4) in water. Here, both composition and dimension of LHPs are tuned in water, which has never been explored yet. Furthermore, the dual emissive nature is observed in quasi‐2D perovskites, where the intensity of two photoluminescence (PL) peaks are governed by 2D and 3D inorganic layers. The Pb(OH)₂‐coated 2D and quasi‐2D perovskites are highly stable in water even after several months. In addition, single particle imaging is performed to correlate structural–optical property of these LHPs.     

Calculation and analysis of thermal impedance of microelectronic structures from analytical models

This article deals with thermal impedances of microelectronic components that are useful in Simulation Programs with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE). In devices like heterojunction bipolar transistors, the active regions thicknesses are often much smaller than the substrates thicknesses. The devices can then be thermally assimilated to heat densities located on top of solid media. In addition to that, when the other dimensions of the heat sources are also much smaller than the substrates dimensions, it is reasonable to consider that the substrate is semi-infinite. First, the expression of the thermal impedance Z of a circular shape heat source centered on top of a half space is presented. For this purpose, the integral transform technique has been used to solve the tri-dimensional heat conduction equation in the frequency domain. The original expression is explicit, exact and allows obtaining results very quickly. After that, the case of a circular heat source on top of a cylinder is treated. A complete analysis of the substrate dimensions influence on the thermal impedance is done. It is based on the impedance decomposition into the one-dimensional impedance and the spreading impedance. By comparing these impedances with that obtained for the heat source on top of the semi-infinite medium, the threshold pulsation at which the thermal impedance of the finite medium differs from the thermal impedance of the half space is extracted. Moreover the geometrical criteria resulting in an error of less than 2% between the spreading impedance of the finite medium and the semi-infinite one are extracted. When these criteria are observed the impedance can be calculated using two perfectly known impedances: the spreading impedance of the semi-infinite medium and the one-dimensional impedance. The results are plotted on the Nyquist diagram, providing a compact representation. Finally the assumption of a circular shape heat source to approximate the thermal impedance of a square shape heat source is validated by evaluating the associated error. The calculation times have been compared to confirm the interest of using this hypothesis.     

Editorial

With the appearance of this Editorial ,we stand on thethreshold of yet New Year ,lookingforward with glorious ex-pectations .Wetakethis opportunityto wish our readers ,au-thors ,reviewers ,the members of thejournal editorial board ,colleagues andfriends peace and happinessthroughout 2006and bright hopes for thefuture . Your valuable participation and enriching contributions inthe past year are the real source of advancing and successofOptoelectronics Letters .We would like to express ourdeep…     

InGaAs探测器片上集成滤光膜的微结构与性能

为了适应未来红外焦平面探测器系统小型化、集成化和高精度的发展要求,采用了热蒸发方法分别在InP衬底和InGaAs探测器上实现了中心波长为1.38μm滤光膜的片上集成。利用偏光显微镜、原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及红外傅里叶光谱(FTIR)等实验手段研究了滤光膜的表面界面形貌和光学性能,结果显示,滤光膜为法布里-珀罗三谐振腔结构,与膜系设计一致;滤光膜中心波长为1.38μm,透射率在60%左右。对集成滤光膜InGaAs器件的电学和光学性能测试分析表明,滤光膜制备工艺对器件的电流电压特性和噪声基本没有影响;而集成滤光膜器件的响应要优于滤光膜分离器件的性能。     

基于FPGA的高速高斯随机数发生器

设计了一个基于FPGA的高速、高性能的高斯随机数发生器。首先简要介绍了以前的一些算法并指出其不足之处。然后阐明了本文的算法：对均匀随机数进行高效的变换以生成非常接近高斯分布的随机数,再依据中心极限定理把两个上述随机数相加得到高斯随机数。算法所需的运算只有RAM的读操作与乘法、加法运算。分析了算法的性能并与其他算法做了对比,证明了本文算法的高效性。最后给出了FPGA实现的系统结构,并分析了所需的硬件资源。     

基于无人机中继的星地认知网络波束成形算法

针对基于无人机中继的星地认知网络,提出了两种波束成形（beamforming, BF）算法,通过对各种干扰进行抑制,实现系统间的频谱共享。具体而言,在基于无人机中继的卫星网络作为次级网络、地面网络作为主网络的情况下,以无人机最大发射功率和主用户所受干扰为约束条件,建立次级用户信干噪比最大化准则的优化问题;接下来在已知次级用户统计信道状态信息的条件下,提出一种基于迭代的BF算法对优化问题进行求解;更进一步,为了降低迭代算法的实现复杂度,提出了一种基于迫零的BF算法。最后,计算机仿真验证了所提两种波束成形方案的正确性与有效性。     

A Study on NMR and GC/MS Spectra of the Isomers of Linear Hexyl Naphthalene

The GC/MS and NMR analysis of the reaction products of naphthalene with 1-bromohexane were reported. The products obtained were suggested to have six isomers of linear hexylnaphthalene and the structure of each isomer was determined by GC/MS and NMR spectra. For the first time, the unique chemical shift data were obtained. The content of each isomer calculated by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra was consistent with that by GC/MS spectra, which confirmed the accuracy of NMR data.     

Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Surface Modification of Cobalt‐Phosphate‐Loaded Co3O4/Fe2O3 p–n Heterojunction Nanorod Arrays

Hematite (α‐Fe₂O₃) as a photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting suffers from the two problems of poor charge separation and slow water oxidation kinetics. The construction of p–n junction nanostructures by coupling of highly stable Co₃O₄ in aqueous alkaline environment to Fe₂O₃ nanorod arrays with delicate energy band positions may be a challenging strategy for efficient PEC water oxidation. It is demonstrated that the designed p‐Co₃O₄/n‐Fe₂O₃ junction exhibits superior photocurrent density, fast water oxidation kinetics, and remarkable charge injection and bulk separation efficiency (η_inj and η_sep), attributing to the high catalytic behavior of Co₃O₄ for the oxygen evolution reaction as well as the induced interfacial electric field that facilitates separation and transportation of charge carriers. In addition, a cocatalyst of cobalt phosphate (Co‐Pi) is introduced, which brings the PEC performance to a high level. The resultant Co‐Pi/Co₃O₄/Ti:Fe₂O₃ photoanode shows a photocurrent density of 2.7 mA cm^?2 at 1.23 V_RHE (V vs reversible hydrogen electrode), 125% higher than that of the Ti:Fe₂O₃ photoanode. The optimized η_inj and η_sep of 91.6 and 23.0% at 1.23 V_RHE are achieved on Co‐Pi/Co₃O₄/Ti:Fe₂O₃, respectively, corresponding to the 70 and 43% improvements compared with those of Ti:Fe₂O₃. Furthermore, Co‐Pi/Co₃O₄/Ti:Fe₂O₃ shows a low onset potential of 0.64 V_RHE and long‐time PEC stability.     

台面型InP/InGaAs PIN光伏探测器的p-InP低阻欧姆接触

研究了电子束蒸发淀积的非合金膜系Au/Pt/Ti/p-InP(2×1018cm-3)接触的物理特性,通过450℃、4 min的快速退火,获得了欧姆接触,其比接触电阻为7.3×10-5 Wcm2.接触电极退火后,采用离子溅射法淀积加厚电极Cr/Au.利用俄歇电子能谱(AES)进行深度剖面分析,表明Pt层能够相对有效地阻挡...