废弃锂电池电极材料中有价金属的赋存状态

这是一篇冶金工程领域的论文。以废旧磷酸铁锂电池正极粉为对象,开展了以Na₂S₂O₈作为氧化剂,并添加低浓度乙酸作为浸出剂选择性浸锂的研究,考查了Na₂S₂O₈加入量、乙酸浓度、浸出温度、浸出液固比和浸出时间等对锂选择性浸出影响。在乙酸浓度0.3 mol/L、Na₂S₂O₈加入量为理论量的1.1倍,浸出液固比10 mL/g、室温浸出2 h条件下,锂、铁、磷的浸出率分别为98.05%、4.49%和2.46%。     

真空开关电器中接触触点热过程的仿真研究

金属蒸气是真空开关电弧存在的根源, 基于流体动力学理论, 建立真空开关开断初期分离最终电接触触点由固体、金属液桥到金属蒸气相变过程的完整模型。考虑了金属触点的熔化变形边界, 同时关注金属液桥断裂后金属蒸气的扩散过程, 计算结果表明电触点最高温度点出现在接触触点的中心, 也正是金属桥断裂形成的初始位置。金属液桥相变过程中伴随金属蒸气的蒸发, 并在真空环境中迅速扩散, 在阴极斑点形成之前, 金属蒸气密度高达1.092×10²⁵ m^-3, 并沿着扩散半径迅速降低。计算结果表明, 随着电极加载电流的增大, 金属液桥完全断裂时间大大缩短。     

Circadian Rhythm Disorders Aggravate Periodontitis by Modulating BMAL1

Circadian rhythms regulate the body’s homeostasis through the temporal control of tissue-specific circadian rhythm control genes. Circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) affect the expression levels of circadian rhythms-associated genes in brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like-1(BMAL1), which is thought to contribute to metabolic disorders and an altered immune system. However, the relationship between CRD and the development of periodontitis was poorly reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role played by BMAL1 in periodontitis. We used a modified multi-platform approach (MMPM) to induce circadian rhythm disturbances in rats to investigate the role of BMAL1 in periodontitis. Our results showed significant downregulation of BMAL1 in the CRD with periodontitis group, significant resorption of alveolar bone, increased osteoclast differentiation, and upregulation of the inflammatory signaling molecule NF-κB. In addition, apoptosis and oxidative stress levels were increased in periodontal tissues. Collectively, our study suggests that BMAL1 is a key regulator in periodontitis exacerbated by CRD and that CRD may lead to the downregulation of BMAL1, thereby exacerbating oxidative stress and apoptosis in periodontal tissues. Our study found that BMAL1 may be associated with the progression of periodontitis and provides a new perspective on the treatment of periodontitis.     

桥梁结构时变可靠度计算的新方法

为提高桥梁结构时变可靠度的计算效率,该文提出了新的计算方法。该方法基于结构时变可靠度分析的基本理论,利用Taylor级数展开,将可靠度计算从传统的积分运算形式转换为代数运算的形式,从而简化计算过程,提高计算效率。为了考虑桥梁初始承载力和衰减过程的不确定性,该文基于全概率方法,给出了计算劣化结构时变可靠度的显式公式。通过将该文方法应用于某钢筋混凝土桥梁进行时变可靠度分析,并与Monte Carlo模拟方法进行对比,表明了该文方法的准确性和高效性。     

太赫兹技术在医学科学中的应用及研究进展

近年来太赫兹光(0.1 THz~10 THz)因其良好的探测能力和非电离特性受到研究者们的关注。根据不同的检测方式和信号处理方法,可分为太赫兹成像技术和太赫兹光谱技术两大类。太赫兹技术在医学科学中发展迅速,其中生物大分子检测和组织成像令人印象深刻。水含量和结构差异是太赫兹成像技术的理论基础,据此可对生物组织进行检测识别。不同的生物组织具有不同的太赫兹特征谱,太赫兹光谱技术通过检测吸收系数、折射系数和反射系数来识别不同的生物分子、细胞或组织。实时、无标记的检测方式有望在临床实践中发挥重要作用,但仍需克服生物安全性不明等困难。综述介绍了太赫兹技术在医学科学中的应用及研究进展,同时探讨了太赫兹技术目前需要克服的难题和潜在的生物安全性问题。

     

适用于离焦状态相机的相位编码标定方法

现阶段通用的相机标定方法需要使用者提供准确的标定板特征点像素坐标。但对某些成像位置特殊的相机而言,一般标定物(如长宽在厘米级别的标定板)的使用范围在其清晰成像范围之外。使用这些相机拍摄一般标定物,只能得到离焦的模糊图像,无法准确提取特征点像素坐标。本文分析了光学系统离焦状态对基于正弦光栅的结构光(简称正弦结构光)相位的影响。利用正弦结构光相位与相机对焦状态无关的性质,提出了一种利用相移法正弦结构光编码的方法,对标定物上特征点进行相位编码,实现了相机在离焦状态下的标定。经过实验验证,标定结果焦距长度与真实值之间最大偏差为0.47%,最大像素重投影误差为0.17 pixels。该方法为具有特殊成像范围的相机的标定提供了一种解决方案。     

塔河凝析油混掺重质油稳定性研究

塔河油田外输重质油高含沥青质,与凝析油进行混掺输送过程中极易发生沥青质沉积,堵塞储罐及地面输送管线。在对油品胶体稳定性影响因素以及胶体稳定性理论认识的基础上,将塔河外输重质原油与凝析油按不同比例混合,通过斑点实验对混合样品进行相容性分析,给出定性结论,然后对混合原油稳定性参数进行测定,得到相容性量化数据,并确定2种原油相容时的合理配比范围,为有效解决不同油品掺混输送问题提供了理论指导。     

环保型易切削黄铜的研究进展

随着人们对环境和卫生要求的提高,对使用铜合金材料的环保性也提出了新要求,发展低铅/无铅黄铜材料成为一种趋势.用铋、锑、硅、碲、镁等元素来代替铅是实现无铅易切削黄铜材料的较好途径,一些高校、科研院所和公司已经开发了一系列无铅易切削黄铜产品,其切削性能和强度等接近于普通铅黄铜.但是,这些产品的冷、热加工性能尚需要进一步提高,成本普遍高于铅黄铜,尚需要进一步探索,提高性能,降低成本,以达到替代铅黄铜的目的.     

Advances and Challenges in Two?Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites Toward High?Performance Light?Emitting Diodes

Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are known as one of the most promising luminescent materials due to their structural diversity and outstanding optoelectronic p...     

A Predictive Instrument for Sensitive and Expedited Measurement of Ultra-Barrier Permeation

The reliable operation of flexible display devices poses a significant engineering challenge regarding the metrology of high barriers against water vapor. No reliable results have been reported in the range of 10^–6 g∙(m²∙d)⁻¹, and there is no standard ultra-barrier for calibration. To detect trace amount of water vapor permeation through an ultra-barrier with extremely high sensitivity and a greatly reduced test period, a predictive instrument was developed by integrating permeation models into high-sensitivity mass spectrometry measurement based on dynamic accumulation, detection, and evacuation of the permeant. Detection reliability was ensured by means of calibration using a standard polymer sample. After calibration, the lower detection limit for water vapor permeation is in the range of 10^–7 g∙(m²∙d)⁻¹, which satisfies the ultra-barrier requirement. Predictive permeation models were developed and evaluated using experimental data so that the steady-state permeation rate can be forecasted from non-steady-state results, thus enabling effective measurement of ultra-barrier permeation within a significantly shorter test period.