First Asp-2078-Gly Mutation Conferring Resistance to Different ACCase Inhibitors in a Polypogon fugax Population from China

Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) is a common and problematic weed throughout China. P. fugax that is often controlled by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors in canola fields. Herein, we confirmed a P. fugax population (R) showing resistance to all ACCase inhibitors tested with resistance indexes ranging from 5.4–18.4. We further investigated the resistance mechanisms of this R population. Molecular analyses revealed that an amino acid mutation (Asp-2078-Gly) was present in the R population by comparing ACCase gene sequences of the sensitive population (S). In addition, differences in susceptibility between the R and S population were unlikely to be related to herbicide metabolism. Furthermore, a new derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) method was developed for detecting the Asp-2078-Gly mutation in P. fugax efficiently. We found that 93.75% of plants in the R population carried the Asp-2078-Gly mutation, and all the herbicide-resistant phenotype of this R population is inseparable from this mutation. This is the first report of cross resistance to ACCase inhibitors conferred by the Asp-2078-Gly target-site mutation in P. fugax. The research suggested the urgent need to improve the diversity of weed management practices to prevent the widespread evolution of herbicide resistance in P. fugax in China.     

Imperatorin Improves Obesity-Induced Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Injury Mediated by P2X4 Receptor in Stellate Sympathetic Ganglion

Obesity can activate the inflammatory signal pathway, induce in the body a state of chronic inflammation, and increase the excitability of the sympathetic nervous system, which may induce sympathetic neuropathic injury. The stellate sympathetic ganglia (SG) can express the P2X4 receptor, and the abnormal expression of the P2X4 receptor is related to inflammation. Imperatorin (IMP) is a kind of furan coumarin plant which has anti-inflammatory effects. This project aimed to investigate whether IMP can affect the expression of P2X4 receptors in the SG of obese rats to display a protective effect from high-fat-triggered cardiac sympathetic neuropathic injury. Molecular docking through homology modelling revealed that IMP had good affinity for the P2X4 receptor. Our results showed that compared with the normal group, the administration of IMP or P2X4 shRNA decreased sympathetic excitement; reduced the serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase; downregulated the expression of P2X4 receptors in SG; and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in the SG and serum of obese rats significantly. In addition, the expression of factors associated with the cell pyroptosis GSDMD, caspase-1, NLRP-3, and IL-18 in obese rats were significantly higher than those of the normal rats, and such effects were decreased after treatment with IMP or P2X4 shRNA. Furthermore, IMP significantly reduced the ATP-activated currents in HEK293 cells transfected with P2X4 receptor. Thus, the P2X4 receptor may be a key target for the treatment of obesity-induced cardiac sympathetic excitement. IMP can improve obesity-induced cardiac sympathetic excitement, and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of P2X4 receptor expression and activity in the SG, suppression of cellular pyroptosis in the SG, and reduction of inflammatory factor levels.     

基于隐函数模型的光学微腔传输光谱拟合算法

光学微腔品质因子高、灵敏度高,在精密生物传感方面有广阔的应用前景。针对洛伦兹拟合算法不能很好地拟合光学微腔输出端非对称波形和劈裂模式波形的问题,提出了隐函数模型算法。该算法首先建立模板波形,然后经平移、放缩理论实现模板波形操作,利用Levenberg-Marquardt (LM)算法优化参数值,能够实现对称波形、非对称波形和劈裂模式波形数据拟合。通过搭建光学微腔数据采集系统,采用高斯、洛伦兹和隐函数模型算法对不同折射率溶液的实验数据进行拟合。结果表明：隐函数模型算法比前两种算法的MSE低1个数量级,且拟合优度(R2)达到了0.99,拟合效果较好;隐函数模型算法谐振频率误差最小,谐振频率偏移量最大,对应的灵敏度最高,有利于提高光学微腔灵敏度。     

超大跨斜拉桥多点振动台试验研究

以一座试设计主跨1400 m斜拉桥为工程背景,进行了多点振动台阵试验。试验采用包括桩基础的1：70缩尺模型,通过层状剪切土箱模拟场地土的作用,台阵包括4个振动台,可模拟非一致地震输入。研究了半漂浮体系、弹性约束体系和辅助墩体系等不同结构体系对斜拉桥纵向地震响应的影响;进而针对辅助墩体系,研究了上塔柱区段附加耗能构件对斜拉桥横向地震响应的影响;最后通过破坏性试验研究了斜拉桥的横向破坏模式及其灾变过程。结果表明：弹性拉索体系和辅助墩体系可有效减小主塔和塔-梁的纵向相对位移;附加的耗能构件对塔顶横向相对位移的减小效果有限,但可有效降低主塔应变响应,起分散主塔受力和附加耗能作用;主塔的横向破坏模式具有明显的双塑性铰模式。     

γ-辐照处理对谷物储藏及品质特性的影响研究进展

辐照作为一种低能耗、安全、有效的加工方式在食品工业上得到广泛应用。辐照对储藏谷物的主要作用包括:适宜剂量的辐照可杀害储粮中的害虫,且不会影响谷物品质;控制谷物中常见的致病菌,产毒菌素的生长,降解致病霉菌;通过作用于淀粉颗粒,提高谷物的营养品质和食用品质;另外,辐照还可延缓谷物老化,劣变的过程,提高保鲜期,提高谷物成品的生产效率。本文综述了辐照对谷物食品品质和营养的影响,分析评价了食品辐照的优劣及国际机构对辐照食品的认可进程,并对消费者的接受度等辐照领域的相关问题提出建议。      

加拿大对功能食品的管理

在加拿大,功能食品被称为天然健康产品(Natural Health Product),是目前世界上具有明确法律规定的少数国家之一。本文从天然健康产品的范畴、相关管理法规、产品的审批上市、安全性和有效性证明及标签与包装等几方面介绍了加拿大对天然健康产品的管理,为我国功能食品相关法规的建立提供借鉴,同时也为我国功能食品在加拿大上市提供一定参考。      

注水替油井提前失效机理探讨

碳酸盐岩油藏注水替油技术在塔河油田推广应用以来,取得了良好的增产效果,但随着注水井和注水量的增加,不同区块的注水井表现出独特的动态特征.油井注水失效后表现出累计注采比远低于区域内其它注水井,注水提前失效,生产效果大幅下降.     

管线钢精炼过程中夹杂物CaO和CaS的研究

通过现场取样进行电镜观察检测,研究了管线钢精炼过程中钢中大尺寸CaO和CaS复合夹杂物形貌、尺寸和成分,并结合钢液中Ca-O和Ca-S平衡曲线、CaO和CaS热力学分析,对其形成机理和形成原因进行了研究.实验结果表明：夹杂物可能是由于钙处理时喂入了过量硅钙线造成的.     

轴承钢中夹杂物分析

对轴承钢热轧板中的夹杂物以及浇铸过程结晶器浸入式水口上的结瘤物进行了电镜检测.发现轧板试样中夹杂物类型主要是TiN、MgO·Al₂O₃和MnS以及少量的CaS,尺寸大多在20μm以内,除此之外,还观察到一些大尺寸MgO·Al₂O₃和Al₂O₃夹杂物及其伴生的裂纹.通过对水口结瘤物的检验分析,发现结瘤物主要以MgO·Al₂O₃尖晶石类夹杂物为主,还有少量的MgO-Al₂O₃-CaO系夹杂物,此外还含有部分凝钢.结瘤物成分与钢水中氧化物夹杂一致,因此推测水口结瘤产生原因为钢液中的固态氧化物夹杂在浇注过程中在水口上的聚集沉淀,轧板中大尺寸夹杂可能是由水口结瘤物剥落造成.     

基于LCSS的数据流相似性查询处理算法研究

数据流相似性查询广泛应用于智能家居、环境监测等领域.当前以LCSS(longest common subsequence)作为相似性测度函数的研究并不多.NAIVE算法使用基本动态规划方法计算测度函数值,通过该值与相似阈值的比较得到查询结果,对基于LCSS的数据流相似性查询问题进行研究.针对NAIVE算法必须在动态规划矩阵所有成员取值的计算完成后才能得到查询结果的缺点,提出了一种基于PS(possible solution)-CC(column critical)域优化策略的数据流相似性查询处理算法.该算法划定了每个窗口上动态规划矩阵的PS域和CC域,很好地利用了这2个域中成员所具有的性质和相似性查询的特点,无须获得测度函数的最终值便可得到查询结果,省略了很多矩阵成员的计算.实验部分证明了该算法的有效性,与同类算法相比,在处理具有更高精度结果要求的查询时效果更好.