关井阶段CO2作储气库垫层气的动态影响规律

目的为应对地下储气库中的垫层气损失,采用经济气体CO₂作为垫层气,目前,CO₂作垫层气在实际应用中存在各种条件限制,且对其在关井阶段的应用研究较少,有必要对在关井阶段CO₂作垫层气对天然气储气库的运行影响因素进行研究。 方法利用有限元模拟CO₂作储气库垫层气时,研究关井阶段储气库动态参数(注气压力、注气速率和CO₂垫层气比例)对混气带的影响规律。 结果注气压力对混气带的影响不大,将其控制在12 MPa左右最为合理,此时混气带占储气面积的比例为23.731 5%;混气带面积占比随注气速率的增大而减小,但是在注气口附近会出现混合区域,导致回采天然气时出现大量的混合气体,所以注气速率控制在0.7×10⁸ m³/d时最为合理,这时混气带面积占比为18.324 6%;CO₂作垫层气的比例对天然气-CO₂之间的混合影响明显,当CO₂垫层气比例为20%时,混气带面积占比为7.236 5%。 结论根据实验结果设计针对混气带的控制措施,当注气压力控制为12 MPa时,注气速率为0.7×10⁸ m³/d,当CO₂垫层气比例为20%时,能让储气库的运作更为经济,实验结果可为实际储气库的建设提供参考。      

基于响应曲面法的超临界CO2萃取油基钻屑油相工艺优化

目的对超临界CO₂萃取油基钻屑中油相工艺参数进行优化。 方法采用响应曲面法对影响超临界CO₂萃取工艺的重要参数进行具体实验并根据实验结果进行数值模拟,通过模拟得出萃取时间、压力、温度和超临界CO₂流量等参数的优化数据。 结果响应曲面分析了各变量之间对萃取效果的影响,基于萃取数据建立了二次多项式模型,能够较好地拟合实验结果,得出最佳萃取条件为萃取压力25 MPa、温度323.15 K、时间90 min和流量25.0 L/h。 结论通过具体实验数据结合响应曲面法得出了最佳萃取条件,在该条件下油类最大去除率为95.22%。利用气相色谱仪-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析萃取物前后性状未发生明显变化,该方法能够更好地实现固液分离和资源回收。      

Molecular Identification of the G-Protein Genes and Their Expression Profiles in Response to Nitrogen Deprivation in Brassica napus

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein) consisting of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits is one of the key signal transducers in plants. Recent studies indicated that G-protein has been proposed as an important mediator of nitrogen responses in rice, wheat, and Arabidopsis. However, little is known about these G-proteins in Brassica napus (B. napus), except for three identified G-proteins, BnGA1, BnGB1, and BnGG2. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to characterize the members of the G-protein gene family in allotetraploid B. napus and to analyze their expression profiles in response to nitrogen deprivation. In total, 21 G-protein family members were identified in B. napus, encoding two Gα, six Gβ, and 13 Gγ. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that although genome-wide triploid events increased the number of genes encoding Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, the gene structure and protein properties of the genes encoding each G-protein subunit were extremely conserved. Collinearity analysis showed that most G-protein genes in B. napus had syntenic relationships with G-protein members of Arabidopsis, Brassica rape (B. rapa), and Brassica oleracea (B. oleracea). Expression profile analysis indicated that Gα and C-type Gγ genes (except BnGG10 and BnGG12 were highly expressed in flower and ovule) were barely expressed in most organs, whereas most Gβ and A-type Gγ genes tended to be highly expressed in most organs. G-protein genes also showed various expression patterns in response to nitrogen-deficient conditions. Under nitrogen deficiency, Gα and five C-type Gγ genes were upregulated initially in roots, while in leaves, Gα was downregulated initially and five C-type Gγ genes were highly expressed in different times. These results provide a complex genetic dissection of G-protein genes in B. napus, and insight into the biological functions of G-protein genes in response to nitrogen deficiency.     

冷却工艺对新型高速列车焊接构架用钢组织演变的影响

针对高速列车焊接构架用钢的性能要求,设计了一种低成本的Mn-Cu微合金低碳钢,并对该实验钢的连续冷却转变规律以及冷却工艺对组织演变的影响进行了研究.结果表明,实验钢在较宽的冷速范围(1～30℃/s)内均可以获得先共析铁素体和中温相变组织.冷却速度和卷取温度对最终组织形态和细化有着重要影响,轧制结束后立即加速冷却至500～600℃,再缓冷,可以获得以细小准多边形铁素体、针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体为主的混合组织.经实验室控轧控冷验证了具有该组织形态的12 mm中厚钢板屈服强度可达540 MPa,同时拥有良好的塑性和低温韧性.     

ZnO薄膜的研究进展

光泵浦紫外激光的获得使ＺｎＯ成为热门的新型光电材料,文章从ＺｎＯ的基本特性、光电特性、生长方法,用途和应用前景等方面综述了ＺｎＯ的最新研究及进展,并对ＺｎＯ今后的发展作了展望。     

一种新型拧丝机构的设计

冶金厂矿对高温线材(小捆盘圆)的包装,长期以来采用人工捆扎方式,劳动条件恶劣,且包装质量得不到保证.研制高温线材打捆机,用以替代手工作业,对提高轧钢厂的自动化水平和包装质量有极其重要的意义.结合打捆机的设计参数,给出了打捆机中关键部件--拧丝机构的技术要求,并在分析已有的拧丝机构方案基础上,提出了一种新型的圆锥拧头结构方案.该方案经实施,在样机试验和生产应用中表明:所设计的拧丝机构完全能够替代人工操作,捆扎速度快,且包装质量好,从而为打捆机的总体研究提供了一条新思路.     

垃圾腐殖土筛分工艺和筛分单元

主要介绍应用于垃圾筛分中腐殖土的分选环节,适用于垃圾含水率较高和较粘稠的垃圾腐殖土的筛分工艺和筛分单元的研究,介绍工艺中各个环节在腐殖土筛分中的作用,介绍腐殖土筛分中主要设备圆盘筛的设计,为适应含水率较高和粘稠的垃圾腐殖土的筛分做出的改进。     

铁矿石的烧结基础特性之新概念

长期以来,人们对烧结用铁矿石的评价主要集中在化学成分、粒度组成、矿物特征等常温性能方面,而对铁矿石在烧结过程中的高温行为和作用知之甚少.根据对这一问题的深入思考和实验室的基础研究,提出了\     

大型地震模拟振动台运行对周围场地影响的试验研究

为降低大型地震模拟振动台试验时所引起的振动对振动台实验室以及周边建筑结构内的机床以及精密仪器的影响,提高结构内人员的舒适度,建立了一种频率相关的半主动控制三维隔振楼板系统。提出了一种基于楼板输入加速度主频的on-off半主动控制方法以及相应的频率在线检测方法,开展了振动台试验,进行了正弦波与地震动引起振动的加载。试验结果表明：所提出的频率在线检测方法可以快速有效地检测输入振动波的主频,根据此频率进行的半主动控制可以有效降低楼板的振动响应。为了提高控制效果,实际应用中应尽量降低磁流变阻尼器在低阻尼力模式时的阻尼。     

First-principles study of multiple-site substitutions of alloying elements in Ni-based single crystal superalloys

The development of Ni-based single crystal superalloys relies heavily on the composition design with the addition of critical alloying elements,e.g.,Re and Ru.Understanding the role of alloying effects require to know the configurations of the alloying element distribution betweenγ-Ni andγ′-Ni_3Al phases and among various non-equivalent sites.This work employed firstprinciples density functional theory calculations to study the preference of phase and site occupancy of 11 alloying elements including Al and transition metal elements:3d (Ti,Cr,Co,Ni),4d (Mo,Ru),and 5d (Hf,Ta,W,Re) in Ni and Ni_3Al.We calculated the substitution energies of 1298 triple-site doping configurations including 286 Ni Ni Ni site doping of Ni,726 Al Ni Ni site doping,and 286 Ni Ni Ni site doping of Ni_3Al with alloying elements Ni,Co,Ru,Cr,Re,Mo,W,Al,Ti,Ta,and Hf.In the dual-site and triple-site doping of Ni and Ni_3Al,all studied alloying elements preferred to occupy Ni phase rather than Ni_3Al phase.We found that the most stable defect complexes often contained the favorable substitutions of Al,Ti,Ta,and Hf for the Ni sites that stabilized the alloying elements doping at the other one or two nearest neighbor sites.The co-substitutions of various alloying elements at multiple sites are critical to understanding the strengthening mechanism of alloying elements in Ni-based single crystal superalloys.