基于自适应模糊的旋转弹反演滑模控制律设计

针对旋转弹药模型具有非线性、强耦合和参数不确定性等特点,建立了考虑不确定因素的非线性控制模型,提出一种基于自适应反演和滑模控制理论的旋转弹体姿态控制律。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,利用反演控制和滑模变结构理论取虚拟控制量作为滑动模态,设计了姿态控制器;基于模糊控制方法较强的逼近能力,引入自适应模糊控制实现对不确定参数的估计,同时通过对切换增益的模糊逼近解决了滑模面的抖振问题。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制律具有较好的稳定性和鲁棒性,该控制模型和控制器的设计合理可行。     

关于我国核应急决策支持系统建设的实施建议

作为我国三级应急管理体系的一个重要组成部分，目前已初步在国家、省级地方和核电厂三个层次上建立了核应急决策支持／事故后果评价系统(以下统称为“核应急决策支持系统”)，并在这些系统的研究开发、应用与维护等方面积累了宝贵的经验。与此同时，如何保证这些系统及其使用能够在真实事故情况下给出准确的评价和预报，日益受到有关方面的高度关注。本文在概要介绍我国核应急决策支持系统的开发与应用现状及其存在的主要问题的基础上，就如何建立国家、省级地方与核电厂三级有机统一的核应急决策支持系统，对三级系统的功能划分、模式比对和数据共享等问题做了初步探讨，并提出了实施建议。     

Stress distribution in damaged composite laminates under transverse impact

Studies on damage in composite laminates subjected to central and normal impact are conducted by a 3-D finite element analysis. The stress analysis is carried out by developing a constitutive equation of composite laminates coupled with the damage. Effects of the damage on the stress distribution in the laminates are investigated in details. The obtained contact force history correlates well with the results reported in literatures. Stress distributions across the thickness of the elastic non-damaged laminate show a probable distribution of delamination. The simulated result for delamination is coincided with the observation of experiments. Stress distributions for the damaged laminates show that the damage releases strain energy and lessens stress concentration.     

Structure of Complexes of Lanthanides with N,N''-Dimethyl-3-Oxa-Glutaramic Acid

A new stripping agent N,N-dimethyl-3-oxa-glutaramic Acid (DOGA) was used in TRPO process to simplify the TRPO process. The structures of the complexes of the DOGA with Eu(Ⅲ), Nd(Ⅲ), La(Ⅲ) were characterized with extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), infrared spectra (IR) and mass spectra (MS). The molecular formula of the complexes of Eu(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ) is deduced to be M(DOGA)3, and only La(Ⅲ) can form the complex HM(DOGA)4 under condition of high consistency of the DOGA. The coordination number of Ln(Ⅲ) in the complexes is 8, and all of coordinated donor atoms are O atoms. For Eu(Ⅲ), Nd(Ⅲ), the coordination numbers of O atom in the first coordination shell is 6 and the average coordination bond lengths of Ln-O are 0.240 nm, 0.244 nm respectively, while the numbers of the second O shell are 2.4, and the average coordination bond lengths of Ln-O are 0.260 nm, 0.262 nm. For La(Ⅲ), the coordination numbers of O atom in the first coordination shell is 6 and the average coordination bond lengths of La-O are 0.258 nm, while the number of O atom in the second coordination shell is 4.4, and the average coordination bond length of La-O is 0.28 nm. The results of IR and MS show that there is no water coordinating with Ln(Ⅲ) in the complexes.     

核安全目标制定与评估中的若干问题

介绍美国核管会（NRc）关于核电站运行的安全目标及其发展过程，讨论在安全目标的制定和评估中所涉及的主要问题，包括事故预防与事故缓解的平衡、不确定性的处理、安全目标的实施等，同时概要介绍了其他一些国家和机构所提出的安全目标，最后对安全目标的发展和实际应用前景进行了讨论。     

专用测试系统计量校准问题讨论

针对计量行业的难点问题之一"专用测试仪器系统"的计量校准问题进行了系统性讨论。首先,从其定义出发,结合其技术目标的特殊性特点,分析了专用测试系统的技术特征。其次,针对其校准中存在的歧义,如综合校准的含义、系统校准的含义等进行了辨析讨论,对于现场校准的三种基本模式特征进行了系统性区分和讨论。最后,针对其计量校准规范的制订难度,提出了制订单参量通用校准规范的方式予以组合使用解决方案,以及具体实现综合性校准和系统性校准的具体步骤。     

计量性是复杂工业产品技术状态控制及大数据管理的基石

以质量控制观念及大数据管理为视角,阐述了计量性的概念、意义和价值,指出了计量性实质上就是产品状态参量的可激励性、可控制性和可观测性。按照技术目标与能力要求,将计量性划分为5个不同的技术等级,以贯穿从产品的设计制造到使用维护的全寿命过程。讨论了计量性对提升产品成熟度的作用。     

角振动校准装置激励源的现状与发展

针对惯性器件性能评价的需求,说明了研究角振动校准装置的必要性。根据现有角振动校准装置的构成,详细分析和总结了各种角振动激励源的工作原理、特点和不足,列举了国内外部分典型系统的主要性能参数;介绍了标准角振动测量系统的主要实现方法。根据角振动校准装置激励源的相关研究现状,分析、探讨了其今后的若干发展趋势;所得出的展望和结论可供该领域研究人员作为参考和借鉴。     

Multifunctional Nanoengineered Hydrogels Consisting of Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Upregulate Bone Formation

Tissue‐engineered hydrogels have received extensive attention as their mechanical properties, chemical compositions, and biological signals can be dynamically modified for mimicking extracellular matrices (ECM). Herein, the synthesis of novel double network (DN) hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties using combinatorial screening methods is reported. Furthermore, nanoengineered (NE) hydrogels are constructed by addition of ultrathin 2D black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets to the DN hydrogels with multiple functions for mimicking the ECM microenvironment to induce tissue regeneration. Notably, it is found that the BP nanosheets exhibit intrinsic properties for induced CaP crystal particle formation and therefore improve the mineralization ability of NE hydrogels. Finally, in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that the BP nanosheets, mineralized CaP crystal nanoparticles, and excellent mechanical properties provide a favorable ECM microenvironment to mediate greater osteogenic cell differentiation and bone regeneration. Consequently, the combination of bioactive chemical materials and excellent mechanical stimuli of NE hydrogels inspire novel engineering strategies for bone‐tissue regeneration.     

电化学抛光对NiTi支架生物相容性的影响

针对目前NiTi支架电化学抛光表面形貌不理想的情况, 提出了一种改进的电化学抛光方法(冰醋酸-高氯酸-A-B), 并采用此抛光工艺对NiTi支架(Ti-50.8at.%Ni)进行了电化学抛光. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了抛光工艺对NiTi支架表面形貌的影响, 并利用电化学方法研究了不同表面处理(电化学抛光、机械抛光、酸洗)对同种成分的NiTi试片在Hanks'溶液中腐蚀性能的影响. 研究结果表明, 此工艺下的电化学抛光有效降低了NiTi支架的表面粗糙度, 改善了表面质量;电化学抛光的NiTi试片在Hanks'溶液中耐蚀性的提高也为电化学抛光NiTi支架的应用提供了实验依据.