Cyanobacterial blooms in the central basin of Lake Erie: Potentials for cyanotoxins and environmental drivers

Lake Erie western basin (WB) cyanobacterial blooms are a yearly summer occurrence; however, blooms have also been reported in the offshore waters of the central basin (CB), and very little is known about what drives these blooms or their potential for cyanobacterial toxins. Cyanobacteria Index was quantified using MODIS and MERIS data for the CB between 2003 and 2017, and water samples were collected between 2013 and 2017. The goals were to 1) quantify cyanobacteria, 2) determine environmental drivers of CB blooms, and 3) determine the potential for cyanobacterial toxins in the CB. Dolichospermum (Anabaena) occurred in the CB during July before the onset of the WB bloom, and then in August and September, the cyanobacteria community shifted towards Microcystis. The largest Dolichospermum blooms (2003, 2012, 2013, and 2015) were associated with reduced water clarity (Secchi disk depth?<?4?m), whereas large CB Microcystis blooms (2011 and 2015) were associated with large WB blooms. Dolichospermum blooms occurred in high nitrate concentrations (>20?μmol/L) and high nitrogen-to?phosphorus ratios (>100), which indicate nutrient concentrations or ratios did not select for Dolichospermum. Additionally, the sxtA gene, but not mcyE or microcystins, were detected in the CB during July 2016 and 2017. The mcyE gene and microcystins were detected in the CB during August 2016 and 2017. The results indicate the CB's potential for cyanotoxins shifts from saxitoxins to microcystins throughout the summer. Continued monitoring of cyanobacteria and multiple cyanobacterial toxins is recommended to ensure safe drinking water for CB coastal communities.     

Fabrication of coplanar microheater platform for LPG sensing applications

Microsystem Technologies - The design and fabrication of nichrome based coplanar microheater for LPG sensing applications is presented in this work. Nichrome based coplanar microheater is...     

Design and implementation of low complexity circularly symmetric 2D FIR filter architectures

Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing - This paper presents a low complexity two dimensional (2D) circular symmetric Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter design and implementation of...     

Optimization of Digital Growth of Thick N-Polar InGaN by MOCVD

Smooth 200 nm thick N-polar InGaN films were grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on sapphire using a digital approach consisting of a constant In, Ga, and N precursor flow with pulsed injection of H2 into the N2 carrier gas. Using this growth scheme, the H2 injection time was altered and the effect on the morphology and indium incorporation in the films observed. The effect of periodic insertion of additional GaN inter-layers on the surface morphology of the InGaN layers was also studied.     

Tailoring of Electromagnetic Absorption in Substituted Hexaferrites from 8.2 GHz to 12.4 GHz

Journal of Electronic Materials - Microwave absorbers are an important topic of interest to mitigate electromagnetic interference. Here, we have investigated electromagnetic absorption properties...     

Countermeasures for Primary User Emulation Attack: A Comprehensive Review

Wireless Personal Communications - Cognitive radio (CR) is a flexible wireless network that can solve the scarcity and underutilization problem of the spectrum by permitting unlicensed users to...     

Identity Based Broadcast Encryption Scheme with Shorter Decryption Keys for Open Networks

In Broadcast Encryption schemes, a sender can broadcast the encrypted message securely in a threatening network to a set of legitimate system users only. In IBE scheme any sender can encrypt the desired message using his/her identity without attaining the public key certificate. Here, we have presented an efficient ID-based broadcast encryption scheme (IBBE) for open networks. In this scheme, desired messages can be broadcasted to any subset of the users by any sender but only authorized receivers are capable in retrieving the encrypted messages. This scheme has shorter decryption keys in comparison with other primitive of IBBE scheme for open networks. Moreover, the proposed scheme intends to achieve the lower cost for computation as well as transmission in comparison to earlier existing IBBE schemes.

     

A Novel Hybrid PSO Assisted Optimization for Classification of Intellectual Disability Using Speech Signal

Wireless Personal Communications - Speech signals convey speaker’s neurodevelopmental state along with phonological information. Recognize a speech disorder by analyzing the speech is...     

Visual Speech Recognition Using Optical Flow and Hidden Markov Model

Wireless Personal Communications - The present work proposes audio-visual speech recognition with the use of Gammatone frequency cepstral coefficient (GFCC) and optical flow (OF) features with...     

Erratum to: Malaria infected erythrocyte classification based on a hybrid classifier using microscopic images of thin blood smear

Multimedia Tools and Applications -