阿拉伯—努比亚地盾中大洋铅与大陆铅的分布

阿拉伯-努比亚地盾中长石、全岩及方铅矿样品中普通铅的新老数据可以分成两大组:Ⅰ组铅,具有大洋(地幔)特征;Ⅱ组铅,混入了早于元古界的大陆地壳成分。前者见于埃及的红海丘陵及阿拉伯地盾的西部与南部。后者见于地盾的东北部与东部,以及邻近Najran的东南部,此外,在南边的也门,东边的阿曼。西边的埃及阿斯旺也有所见。普通铅数据的这种分布特点表明,阿——努地盾具有一个大洋性的陆核,其外围的岩石则至少有一部分是由较古老的大陆物质所形成。较古老的铅混入元古代岩石中的机制可能有两种:1.直接来自下伏早于元古代的基底;2.通过远海沉积物或来自附近大陆的沉积物的俯冲。这两种机制在地盾的不同地区起的作用不同。新的锆石的铀一铅年龄数据表明,在阿拉伯地盾东部的Jabal Dahul东南有早元古代基底的存在。在Al Amar断层带中还发现了年龄达20亿年的锆石,所有这些资料证实了普通铅数据的推测,即东部阿拉伯地盾至少有一部分具有更古老的大陆基底。因为大陆边缘特别有利于成矿,所以,上述发现可能对找矿有重要的指导意义,特别是对于锡、钨、钼等矿床的勘查。     

库列伊水电站右坝段结构与施工工艺的改进

在复杂的工程地质条件下,包括在粘性软土基础上,已建了很多土坝。正如苏联等国的工程经验所表明的,当设计这类建筑物时,应规定专门的措施进行监测和控制边坡的稳定。这种监测任务(包括利用仪器对建筑物进行原型观测),乃是用工程方法获得的地质和工程地质资料的订正及补充。这些资料在建坝初期,可从勘测资料的坝基地质模型,及在土壤施工性质计算中验证其准确性,或使之进一步准确。欲控制土坝边坡的稳定,必须进行土坝     

利用废物制造宝石新技术动态

珠宝钻玉是十分昂贵的稀有物质。如今,世界各地每年的天然宝石产量已远远不能满足珠宝市场的需求;而且,随着工业技术的发展,更需求多功能、高性能的宝石材料。为缓解市场的平衡,国外竞相开发人造宝石高新技术。据世界权威科学家们的估测:人造宝石产品将成为宝石应用领域主要来源,人造宝石技术也将在未来掀起热潮。 废烟人造钻石 最近,日本东海大学和东名钻石工业公司共同开发了用烟囱冒出的废烟合成钻     

RESIDUAL GAS IONIZATION BEAM PROFILE MONITOR ON 40MeV H^— BEAM TRANSPORT LINE

The monitor is composed of a pair of electrodes,a single stage of microchannel plate,a phosphor screen,a CCD camera and a PC computer,To obtain a good uniform collecting field,forming electrodes system is used instead of that with a resistive divider,The readout system is performed by the phosphor screen and the CCD camera because the spatial resolution is not limited by the mechanical structure like the anode strip type and such video display system is very useful for beam studies and operation of the 40MeV linac,Besides,the design and test results are described in detail.     

Stress-sensitivity mapping for surface acoustic waves on quartz

A model is presented, relating the velocity shifts of surface acoustic waves (SAW) to the six tensor components of quasistatic stresses. Stress sensitivity is then defined through six independent coefficients, whatever the origin of the stress (direct external forces, thermoelastic stresses) might be. These coefficients, depending on crystal anisotropy, are computed for different cut angles and propagation directions of quartz crystal, and represented as a contour-line mapping. The determination of SAW quartz cuts compensated for both planar isotropic stresses and first-order temperature effects make it possible to define a family of quartz cuts with potentially low stress and temperature sensitivities for oscillator applications.     

Quantitative real-time imaging of myocardium based on ultrasonic integrated backscatter

The integrated backscatter calculation over the full, two-dimensional echocardiographic sector is implemented to produce images from closed-chest dogs. This new real-time integrated backscatter measurement system allows a continuous determination of integrated backscatter from all myocardial regions in the ultrasonic view. By replacing the conventional video processor in a commercial two-dimensional echocardiographic imager with this new real-time backscatter measurement system, it is possible to produce real-time two-dimensional images based on integrated backscatter.     

Fourier classification images in cardiac nuclear medicine

At present, the diagnosis of cardiac left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) in nuclear medicine is aided mainly by phase images and amplitude images, which picture the spatial distribution of the phase and of the amplitude of the first harmonics of pixel time activity curves, respectively. However, they do not utilize other information contained in the original radionuclide images, and they do not offer a direct diagnostic interpretation of the data. The proposed Fourier classification images (FCI) overcome these deficiencies. Their pixel intensities express directly the diagnostic class of RWMA. The FCI pixel intensities are functions of pixel coordinates, Fourier features of pixel time activity curves, and their distribution parameters, and they are not limited by the first harmonics model. The derivation of the pixel classifier includes normalization transformation of coordinates and activities. Fourier analysis of raw image data, and teaching the computer by examples of already diagnosed cases with the help of discriminant analysis. FCI offer direct and robust diagnosis of RWMA, superior to that derived from phase and amplitude images, especially in the detection of mild RWMA.     

Human error identification in human reliability assessment. Part 2: Detailed comparison of techniques

This is the second part of a two-part review of human error identification (HEI) approaches in human reliability assessment (HRA). Part 1 reviewed the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) context in which HRA occurs, and then detailed 12 HEI techniques which have evolved in the field of HRA. Part 2 attempts to compare the way these techniques perform against a range of criteria relevant to HEI theoretical and empirical validity, and practical usefulness in applied HRA. It is hoped that these comparisons will help assessors in the selection of techniques for practical applications. The comparisons also point to research and development needs in the area of applied HEI.