大掺量粉煤灰对混凝土渗透性的影响

以粉煤灰代替３０％的水泥，在水胶比为０．３０、０．３３、０．３６及０．３９的情况下，分别试验了用水量及胶凝材料用量变化下混凝土的强度和渗透性。试验结果表明，与不掺粉煤灰的混凝土比较，掺粉煤灰混凝土的渗透性都明显降低，３０天龄期时最大可降低至５０．７％，７０天时可降低至２２．３％；为了获得较低的渗透性而采取较低的水胶比时，不掺粉煤灰的混凝土应用降低用水量的办法有利，掺粉煤灰的混凝土用提高总胶凝材料用量的办法更好     

Occurrence patterns of alien freshwater turtles in a large urban pond ‘Archipelago’ (Rome,Italy): Suggesting hypotheses on root causes

The patterns of the occurrence and distribution of alien freshwater turtle species in an urban pond archipelago (Rome, Italy) were analysed, with the aim of exploring the role of a set of factors (type of ponds, landscape context, size area, distance from the nearest road) with a generalized linear model approach. A total of 311 ponds subdivided in three types (fountains, small basins, lakes) embedded in different landscape contexts (public parks, private parks, urban areas) at differing distances from the nearest road were sampled. Six non‐native freshwater turtle species in 31 sites were recorded (9.97%). Lakes exhibited the highest occurrence rates of alien freshwater turtles, compared to small basins and fountains. Freshwater turtle species in urbanized areas were only observed in parks (both public and private). In both the public and private parks, the lakes exhibited the highest percentage of occupied sites, with fountains being the lowest. A direct and significant relationship was observed between pond size and species richness. The distance from the nearest road did not appear to affect species richness. A first interpretation of the data from this study facilitated the postulation of two a posteriori hypotheses that should be tested, as follows: (i) the causal process of turtle release is random, and the rate of extinction (and recapture) is higher in smaller ponds, thus producing the observed pattern; and (ii) the turtle release is not random, and people actively select the ponds they consider more suitable for their pet animals. In this study, it appears the lakes were perceived by those who abandon their pets as the most ecologically suitable habitats among other pond types to accommodate the different species of turtles. Knowledge of people's attitudes in regard to releasing pet animals also might assist managers of public green spaces to develop strategies aimed to preserve local biodiversity, and to educate the public about the conservation issue represented by the alien species.     

室温硫化有机硅粘合剂的应用与研究进展

分析了单组份、双组份及三组份室温硫化有机硅粘合剂的性能,介绍了室温硫化有机硅粘合剂在航空工业的应用及进展。     

不同混合材掺量对低碱水泥适应性的试验研究

对不同种类及掺量的混合材对低碱水泥流动洼能进行试验研究，结果为：低碱硅酸盐水泥中掺入矿渣粉、粉煤灰、石灰石等混合材有利于改善浆体流动性能，目双掺效果较单掺好；外加剂掺入量对流动性能的改善随着掺量的增加而增加，但掺入量应适宜、经济；石灰石为非活洼混合材，本试验研究结果表明它能显著增大水泥流动性且保持较小的经时损失，但其掺量不宜过大。     

Effect of the matrix crystallinity on the percolation threshold and dielectric behavior in percolative composites

Through the use of polyethylenes with different crystallinities as matrices, the effects of the matrix crystallinity on the percolation threshold and dielectric behavior of percolative composites have been investigated. The results suggest that the percolation threshold is negatively related to the matrix crystallinity, whereas the enhancement of the dielectric constant is positively related to the matrix crystallinity. A two‐dimensional diagram is proposed to illustrate such relationships. In addition, it has been found that the insulator–conductor transition is much flatter in low‐crystallinity‐matrix‐based composites, and this may be favorable for preparing threshold composites with a high dielectric constant and a low loss tangent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

新型层状表面相锆基固体酸催化酯化反应研究

将所研制的层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂用于一元、二元醇醋酸酯和其他羧酸酯类产品的合成 ,考察了其催化性能。研究发现 :层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂对所考察的酯化反应具有很好的普遍适用性 ,但其酯化率与醇的性质和结构密切有关。催化反应动力学研究表明乙酸与丁醇、戊醇、己醇的酯化反应均为二级反应 ,且反应活化能均较低 ,分别为 47 4kJ/mol、2 3 3kJ/mol和 19 8kJ/mo     

基于分布式光纤监测的压力钢管模拟泄漏室内试验

实际运行的压力钢管可能存在腐蚀进而破裂、泄漏的隐患,因此需要开展在役的压力钢管实时安全监测方法研究,实现对泄漏的及时定位、报警。本文基于F-OTDR光纤干涉原理的振动监测方法,开展了模拟压力钢管泄漏的室内试验,系统研究不同泄流条件下的分布式光纤的检测结果。试验结果表明,随着泄流孔孔径的增加和泄流量的增加,泄漏引起的振动信号强度增加,但是由于系统初始扰动能量的存在,仅依据数据分析,难以判断极小泄流量引起的振动信号。本实验中,当泄流量大于1.00L/s时,分布式光纤检测效果较好。     

Cu2O/Cu Cermet as a Candidate Inert Anode for Al Production

Cu₂O/ x Cu ( x =0–25 wt%) cermets were evaluated as a novel partially inert anode for aluminum (Al) production. The physical and mechanical properties, including the compressive strength, flexural strength, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, and dc electrical conductivity were tested at room temperature and at temperatures up to 950°C. The coefficient of thermal expansion, compressive strength, flexural strength, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of Cu₂O/Cu cermets increased with increasing Cu content. High-temperature electrical conductivity measurements showed that with increasing temperature, the electrical conductivity increased when the Cu content was below the percolation threshold, while it decreased when the Cu content was above the percolation threshold. A relatively stable CuAlO₂ layer formed on the cermet surface during electrochemical testing, and the corrosion rate of this anode was estimated to be about 1.8–1.9 cm/year in Al production.     

非金属掺杂的第二代二氧化钛光催化剂研究进展

寻求廉价、环境友好并具有可见光光催化活性的第二代光催化剂将是光催化发展进一步走向实用化的关键。氮掺杂的TIO2是新发现的具有可见光光催化活性的复合光催化剂,非金属掺杂可以使复合物的复合禁带宽度小于TIO2的禁带宽度,从而使TIO2的吸收边向可见光移动。对TIO2的氮、碳、硫、卤素掺杂国内外研究现状进行了系统评述,分析了提高TIO2可见光活性的原因,指出非金属元素特别是氮元素的阴离子掺杂是在不降低紫外光催化活性的基础上实现可见光响应的较好方法。     

2-十四烷氧基苯胺的合成

首先简介了 2 十四烷氧基苯胺的性质、用途以及国外的 3种合成方法。然后介绍了山西大学环境技术研究所以邻氨基苯酚和乙酸酐为原料合成 2 十四烷氧基苯胺的方法,并测定了该产品的质量指标。最后评价了该合成工艺易于实现工业化生产。