The relationship between serum lipids, apolipoproteins level and bile lipids level, chemical type of stone

To pick up serum high risk lithogenic factors predisposing one to gallstone formation and protective factors against gallstone formation in gallbladder. We compared serum lipid and apolipoprotein level of patients with gallbladder stone (stone group) with that of patients without gallbladder stone (control group). The correlation between serum lipid, apolipoprotein level and bile lipid level, cholesterol saturated index (CSI), characteristics of lipidemia in different kinds of gallbladder stones were studied. The results showed that the increase of serum Apo A1, C2 and E level in the stone group was more significant than in the control group. But there was no statistical significance in TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo A2, B, C3 level between the stone and control groups. These results suggested that serum apolipoproteins perhaps are more sensitive parameters than serum lipids in distinguishing patients with stones from those without stones. There were different profiles of serum lipid and apolipoproteins in different chemical types of gallbladder stones. Increased level in serum LDL-C, Apo B and ratio of LDL-C/HDL-C were characterized by an index for cholesterol stone, otherwise that in serum TG and Apo C2 an index for pigment stones. There was a positive correlation between serum total cholesterol (TC) or Apo B, C2, C3 and cholesterol amount or CSI in gallbladder bile. Therefore, TC, Apo B, C2, C3 could be considered as high risk lithogenic factors. A positive correlation existed between serum HDL-C and lecithin in gallbladder or common bile duct (CBD) bile as well as between HDL-C and bile acids in CBD bile. Thus, HDL-C might be a protective factor against gallstone formation in gallbladder.     

The effects of plasma etching induced gate oxide degradation onMOSFET's 1/f noise

The effects of the plasma etching process induced gate oxide damages on device's low frequency noise behavior are investigated on MOSFET's fabricated with different field plate perimeter to gate area ratio antennas. Abnormal 1/f noise spectrum with a shoulder centered in the frequency range of 100 and to 1 kHz was frequently observed in small geometry devices, and it is attributable to a nonuniform distribution of oxide traps induced by plasma etching process     

添加高效粘结剂的氧化锰矿粉冷固成团

以氧化锰矿粉为原料，添加ＺＢ粘结剂进行冷固成团，所得冷固团块不仅具有足够的机械强度，而且具有良好的耐湿性，适用于长距离运输和露天堆存，是一种可与块矿性能相媲美的优质炉料，为充分利用矿山及冶炼厂的锰矿粉找到了一条良好的途径．     

石油系油浆与煤系闪蒸油的焦化性能——I．热解条件的影响

通过偏光显微镜观察了石油系油浆（LH）与煤系闪蒸油（SN）焦化后所得焦块的光学结构。结果表明，在较宽条件下两种原料单独焦化均得不到取向度高的流线型结构。将两种原料以一定比例混合后先热解丙焦化所得焦块的光学结构明显好于二者混合后直接焦化所得焦块的光学结构，其中LH和SN以3：2的重量比混合后在440℃、1MPa下热解3．5h然后再在530℃、1MPa下焦化8h所得焦块为具有较高取向度的流线型结构，适合于作为针状焦的起始原料。     

Minimum switching control for adaptive tracking

The switching adaptive control method has been used for quite a few years to solve the adaptive stabilization and model reference adaptive control problems. However, a serious problem with the switching control method is that the number of ‘candidate’ controllers can potentially be very large, especially for multi‐input–multi‐output systems. In this paper, we consider a class of minimum‐phase multi‐input–multi‐output plants with some mild compactness assumptions. Given any polynomial reference input, we provide a switching control law which guarantees exponentially stability of the closed‐loop system with exponential tracking performance. The main contribution of the paper is that we give the minimum number of candidate controllers required for switching. In particular, the number is equal to 2 for single‐input–single‐output plants (one for each sign of the high‐frequency gain), and is equal to 2^m for m‐input–m‐output plants. That is, the number is independent of the degree and the relative degree of the plant. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Petri net based approach to modeling and scheduling for an FMSand a case study

In this paper, a timed-place Petri net (TPPN) model for flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) is constructed, which contains two major submodels: the stationary transportation model; and the variable process flow model. For multiple automated guided vehicle (AGV) systems, the authors embed a simple rule and introduce a push-AGV strategy in a TPPN model to solve the collision and traffic jam problems of such vehicles. Since a firing sequence of the TPPN from the initial marking to the final marking can be seen as a schedule of the modeled FMS, by using an A^* based search algorithm, namely, the limited-expansion A algorithm, an effective schedule of the part processing can be obtained. To show the promising potential of the proposed work, a prototype FMS is used as a target system for implementation. The experiment results assert that the job-shop scheduling problem can always be satisfactorily solved     

Enhancement of oxide break-up by implantation of fluorine inpoly-Si emitter contacted p+-n shallow junctionformation

In this study, it is demonstrated that the incorporation of fluorine can enhance poly-Si/Si interfacial oxide break-up in the poly-Si emitter contacted p⁺-n shallow junction formation. The annealing temperature for breaking up the poly-Si/Si interfacial oxide has been found to be as low as 900°C. As a result, the junction depth of the BF₂-implanted device is much larger than that of the boron-implanted device     

连续挤压法介绍

连续挤压法的特点是：挤压所需的压力是借助一个回转的摩擦轮来实现的。摩擦轮的轮缘上设有一个凹槽，其断面取决于原坯的断面（线材坯料）。本文将就这种工艺的设备和有关铝材生产阶段中的一些问题作一简介。     

局部施肥对植株生长及根系形态的影响

本文论述了局部施肥对植株地上部与地下部的影响。局部施肥促进了施肥区根系的发达 ,第一侧根与第二侧根较多 ,根的吸收表面积增多 ,根鲜重增加 ,对养分的吸收能力增强 ,但整个根系与地上部的干鲜重下降。