一阶时滞过程PID控制器优化准则

对单回路控制系统,期望得到控制器的统一优化准则.以误差积分性能指标描述系统时间响应,以环路函数的频域约束表示系统稳定裕度,从而建立一种综合的鲁棒性能(RP)指标,即系统的稳定裕度和积分性能的指数加权指标.针对比例积分微分( PID)控制器串联一阶时滞过程(FOPDT)的系统,通过计算机数值运算,选择出RP的合理加权因子范围为1～2.以加权因子取1.5的RP作为控制器优化准则,对时滞比从0到∞的FOPDT过程获得了最优PID控制.仿真表明,该法对鲁棒性和积分性能的折中是合适的,对一般工业过程的控制器参数优化有较大的借鉴意义.     

gbase: an efficient analysis platform for large graphs

Graphs appear in numerous applications including cyber security, the Internet, social networks, protein networks, recommendation systems, citation networks, and many more. Graphs with millions or even billions of nodes and edges are common-place. How to store such large graphs efficiently? What are the core operations/queries on those graph? How to answer the graph queries quickly? We propose Gbase, an efficient analysis platform for large graphs. The key novelties lie in (1) our storage and compression scheme for a parallel, distributed settings and (2) the carefully chosen graph operations and their efficient implementations. We designed and implemented an instance of Gbase using Mapreduce/Hadoop. Gbase provides a parallel indexing mechanism for graph operations that both saves storage space, as well as accelerates query responses. We run numerous experiments on real and synthetic graphs, spanning billions of nodes and edges, and we show that our proposed Gbase is indeed fast, scalable, and nimble, with significant savings in space and time.     

A deformable surface model for real-time water drop animation

A water drop behaves differently from a large water body because of its strong viscosity and surface tension under the small scale. Surface tension causes the motion of a water drop to be largely determined by its boundary surface. Meanwhile, viscosity makes the interior of a water drop less relevant to its motion, as the smooth velocity field can be well approximated by an interpolation of the velocity on the boundary. Consequently, we propose a fast deformable surface model to realistically animate water drops and their flowing behaviors on solid surfaces. Our system efficiently simulates water drop motions in a Lagrangian fashion, by reducing 3D fluid dynamics over the whole liquid volume to a deformable surface model. In each time step, the model uses an implicit mean curvature flow operator to produce surface tension effects, a contact angle operator to change droplet shapes on solid surfaces, and a set of mesh connectivity updates to handle topological changes and improve mesh quality over time. Our numerical experiments demonstrate a variety of physically plausible water drop phenomena at a real-time rate, including capillary waves when water drops collide, pinch-off of water jets, and droplets flowing over solid materials. The whole system performs orders-of-magnitude faster than existing simulation approaches that generate comparable water drop effects.     

SINS大失准角初始对准的改进算法研究

在捷联导航系统优化控制的研究中,捷联惯导系统(SINS)初始对准的误差方程存在是非线性,对于静基座初始对准造成误差较大。传统采用的方法是将失准角视为小角度,可将误差模型线性化,利用KF完成静基座的初始对准。但是对于动基座大失准角来说,多采用非线性滤波方式来解决,建立误差模型,并采用UKF滤波进行数据融合。由于非线性模型的噪声参数未知等原因,常规的UKF可能会出现滤波发散现象,为解决上述问题,提出采用自适应方法的UKF来对建立的非线性模型进行滤波。仿真结果表明,在大失准角情况下,采用非线性模型的AUKF比UKF滤波具有更好的对准精度和更快的收敛速度,可为优化设计提供参考。     

四旋翼无人机的系统模型与辨识

研究无人机系统优化控制问题,为实现四旋翼微型飞行器的自动控制飞行,需要得到正确的系统模型参数,实现精确控制。子空间辨识法可以直接地反应出多输出多输出系统模型,算法比较容易实现。首先从四旋翼的力学模型出发,建立了在小角度假设下的线性系统模型,并首次将子空间辨识方法运用到四旋翼飞行器的辨识中。用仿真实例实验,假设飞行器在缓慢上升过程,采用由子空间辨识方法获得的系统模型输出与原系统在同样输入条件下的输出进行了比较。结果表明在假设条件下的辨识具有可行性,为中旋翼无人机优化控制提供了依据。     

基于自适应模糊神经网络的防车追尾控制器

研究防止汽车追尾优化识别问题,为解决防汽车追尾快速预报,传统方法在于精确计算安全距离,并未给出具体的控制力度,结合自适应模糊神经网络理论,提出让汽车“缓慢”降速的解决方案,能有效解决防汽车追尾的控制力度问题.采用自适应模糊神经网络模型,设计汽车刹车力度控制规则表,进一步设计防汽车追尾控制器.通过仿真结果可以看出,跟传统的纯模糊控制系统相比,自适应模糊神经网络生成的曲面更加平滑,控制效果更好.并且具有自学习与自适应能力,能够自动生成并调整隶属度函数,提高了快速性和实时性,为汽车防追尾控制器设计提供了参考.     

基于活塞形状改变的空气弹簧特性仿真研究

研究汽车装用空气弹簧刚度优化问题,活塞形状对膜式空气弹簧刚度特性的影响较大。为了提高整车的平顺性能,建立空气弹簧简化模型,得到圆台和倒圆台活塞形状下空气弹簧的有效承载半径影响因素。利用ABAQUS软件建立安装圆柱、圆台和倒圆台活塞的空气弹簧有限元模型进行,研究了不同圆台角下圆台活塞空气弹簧的刚度特性。仿真结果表明,在一定范围内,圆台角度越大,空气弹簧刚度也越大,证明与理论分析吻合,并对空气弹簧的设计和匹配具有一定的指导意义。     

B/S结构的360度绩效测评系统设计与实现

绩效管理是人力资源管理的核心,对企业实现战略目标有举足轻重的作用,绩效测评是绩效管理中必不可少的组成部分。本文讲述了一种全面客观的360度绩效测评法,并介绍了一套按照360度绩效测评模型构建的B/S办公系统,重点介绍了使用这套系统进行绩效测评的过程,以便通过信息化手段,有效的运用这一先进测评方法,为企业管理提供有益的支持。     

Decomposition of solid explosives by laser irradiation: A mass spectrometric study

Experimental investigations have been made in which single crystals of solid explosives such as cyclotrimethylene trinitramine, RDX, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, PETN, AgN₃ and Pb(N₃)₂, were irradiated with a focused laser beam of wavelength 266 nm and duration 5 nsec in an ultra high vacuum system housing a fast and sensitive time-of-flight mass spectrometer. From the mass spectra (both +ve and -ve ions) of the chemical species obtained, possible decomposition schemes of RDX and PETN have been proposed. For silver and lead azides, the laser irradiation did not cause explosions if the power density was sufficiently low, but micrometre size craters were formed. In the mass spectra of AgN₃ products N₃ ^– and silver cluster ions, Ag _n ⁺, have been found for the first time. It has been suggested that such investigations may possibly throw some light on our understanding of the reactions taking place in a deflagration/detonation wave.     

用正电子湮没寿命技术研究塑性变形纯Ni的回复过程

本文用正电子湮没寿命方法研究了塑性变形镍(含0.01％杂质)的回复过程的特点及杂质在缺陷回复过程的作用和影响,计算了形变为10％的试样中的位错密度及形成空位团的有效空位浓度。