Efficient Infrared Solar Cells Employing Quantum Dot Solids with Strong Inter-Dot Coupling and Efficient Passivation

Lead chalcogenide quantum dot (QD) infrared (IR) solar cells are promising devices for breaking through the theoretical efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells by harvesting the low-energy IR photons that cannot be utilized by common devices. However, the device performance of QD IR photovoltaic is limited by the restrictive relation between open-circuit voltages (V_OC) and short circuit current densities (J_SC), caused by the contradiction between surface passivation and electronic coupling of QD solids. Here, a strategy is developed to decouple this restriction via epitaxially coating a thin PbS shell over the PbSe QDs (PbSe/PbS QDs) combined with in situ halide passivation. The strong electronic coupling from the PbSe core gives rise to significant carrier delocalization, which guarantees effective carrier transport. Benefited from the protection of PbS shell and in situ halide passivation, excellent trap-state control of QDs is eventually achieved after the ligand exchange. By a fine control of the PbS shell thickness, outstanding IR J_SC of 6.38 mA cm⁻² and IR V_OC of 0.347 V are simultaneously achieved under the 1100 nm-filtered solar illumination, providing a new route to unfreeze the trade-off between V_OC and J_SC limited by the photoactive layer with a given bandgap.     

Electrolyte Interphase Built from Anionic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Lithium Dendrite Suppression

Lithium (Li) metal batteries hold considerable promise for numerous energy-dense applications. However, the dendritic Li anode produced during Li⁺/Li deposition-stripping endangers battery safety and shortens cycle lifespan. Herein, an electrolyte interphase built from 2D anionic covalent organic frameworks (ACOF) is coated on Li for dendrite suppression. The ACOF with Li⁺-affinity facilitates rapid and exclusive passage of Li-ions from the electrolyte, yielding near-unity Li⁺ transference number (0.82) and ionic conductivity beyond 3.7 mS cm^-1 at the interphase. Such high transport efficiency of Li-ions can fundamentally circumvent the Li⁺ deficiency that results in dendrite formation. Pairing the ACOF-coated Li against a high-voltage LiCoO₂ cathode (4.5 V) achieves exceptional cycle stability, mitigated polarization, as well as improved rate capability. Accordingly, this strategy vastly expands the pool of electrolyte interphases that can be used for coating and protecting Li anode.     

Template-Sacrificed Hot Fusion Construction and Nanoseed Modification of 3D Porous Copper Nanoscaffold Host for Stable-Cycling Lithium Metal Anodes

Lithium (Li) metal anodes have been proposed as a promising candidate for high-energy-density electrode materials in secondary batteries. However, the dendrite growth and unstable electrode–electrolyte interfaces during Li plating/stripping are fatal to their practical applications. Herein, the construction of 3D porous Au/Cu nanoscaffold prepared via a convenient template-sacrificed hot fusion construction method and a nanoseed modification process as an effective Li metal hosting material are proposed. The Au/Cu nanoscaffold can spatially guide uniform deposition of Li metal free from the growth of Li dendrites due to the homogenous Li⁺ ion flux and negligible nucleation overpotential. Moreover, the Cu skeleton can relieve volume change and stabilize local current density during cycling processes. Benefiting from these advantages, the symmetric cells based on self-supported Li-filled Au/Cu (Li-Au/Cu) nanoscaffold electrodes present highly stable Li plating/stripping for more than 1000 h with a low voltage hysteresis less than 90 mV and a long lifespan over 1300 h at 1.0 mA cm^–2 in carbonate-based electrolytes. Impressively, the Li-Au/Cu nanoscaffold||LiFePO₄ full cells also exhibit exceptional cycling stability and rate performance. This work provides a promising strategy to construct dendrite-free lithium metal anodes toward high-performance lithium metal batteries.     

Self-Assembled Perovskite Nanoislands on CH3NH3PbI3 Cuboid Single Crystals by Energetic Surface Engineering

Organometal perovskite single crystals have been recognized as a promising platform for high-performance optoelectronic devices, featuring high crystallinity and stability. However, a high trap density and structural nonuniformity at the surface have been major barriers to the progress of single crystal-based optoelectronic devices. Here, the formation of a unique nanoisland structure is reported at the surface of the facet-controlled cuboid MAPbI₃ (MA = CH₃NH₃⁺) single crystals through a cation interdiffusion process enabled by energetically vaporized CsI. The interdiffusion of mobile ions between the bulk and the surface is triggered by thermally activated CsI vapor, which reconstructs the surface that is rich in MA and CsI with reduced dangling bonds. Simultaneously, an array of Cs-Pb-rich nanoislands is constructed on the surface of the MAPbI₃ single crystals. This newly reconstructed nanoisland surface enhances the light absorbance over 50% and increases the charge carrier mobility from 56 to 93 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹. As confirmed by Kelvin probe force microscopy, the nanoislands form a gradient band bending that prevents recombination of excess carriers, and thus, enhances lateral carrier transport properties. This unique engineering of the single crystal surface provides a pathway towards developing high-quality perovskite single-crystal surface for optoelectronic applications.     

Iridium-Doped N-Rich Mesoporous Carbon Electrocatalyst with Synthetic Macrocycles as Carbon Source for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Utilizing supramolecular synthetic macrocycles with distinct porous structures and abundant functional groups as a precursor for metal-doped carbon electrocatalysts can endow the resulting materials with great potential in electrocatalysis. Herein, iridium-doped electrocatalysts (CBC-Ir), using a synthetic macrocycle named cucurbit[6]uril as the carbon source precursor, are designed and prepared. Interestingly, owing to the numerous N-containing backbone and unique porous structure from cucurbit[6]uril self-assembly, the newly designed catalysts CBC-Ir possess abundant N-doped and mesoporous structures without the need of additional N sources and templates. The catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance toward the hydrogen evolution reaction with high Faradaic efficiency (91.5% and 92.7%), superior turnover frequency (2.1 and 0.69 H₂ s⁻¹) at the 50 mV overpotential, and only 17 and 33 mV overpotentials in acidic and alkaline conditions reaching the current density of 10 mA cm⁻², better than the commercial Pt/C (28 and 43 mV). This work not only expands the application of supramolecular macrocycles in the water splitting field but also provides a new approach for preparing robust electrocatalysts.     

Efficiency Breakthrough of Fluorescence OLEDs by the Strategic Management of “Hot Excitons” at Highly Lying Excitation Triplet Energy Levels

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) materials are two kinds of promising electroluminescence systems for the fabrication of high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by harnessing “hot excitons” at the high-lying triplet exciton states (T_n, n ≥ 2). Nonetheless, the efficiency of the resulting OLEDs did not meet expectations due to the possible loss of T_n→T_n−1. Herein, experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate the “hot exciton” process between the high-lying triplet state T₃ and the lowest excited singlet state S₁ in an AIE material 4⁗-(diphenylamino)-2″,5″-diphenyl-[1,1″:4′,1″:4″,1′″:4′″,1⁗-quinquephenyl]-4-carbonitrile (TPB-PAPC) and it is found that the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two molecules can facilitate the “hot exciton” process and inhibit the T₃→T₂ loss by doping a blue fluorescent emitter in TPB-PAPC. Finally, the doped TPB-PAPC blue OLEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of 9.0% with a small efficiency roll-off. Furthermore, doping the blue fluorescent emitter in a HLCT material 2-(4-(10-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d] imidazole (PAC) is used as the emission layer, and the resulting blue OLEDs exhibit an EQE_max of 17.4%, realizing the efficiency breakthrough of blue fluorescence OLEDs. This work establishes a physical insight in the design of high-performance “hot exciton” molecules and the fabrication of high-performance blue fluorescence OLEDs.     

多层介质膜红外空芯光纤的传输特性

提出了一种计算多层介质膜空芯光纤损耗谱特性的方法,理论分析了介质—金属膜结构红外空芯光纤的传输损耗特性.将各层膜的厚度、材料色散和表面粗糙度等特性引入理论计算后,根据实测损耗谱估算了每层介质膜厚度.通过比较实测和理论计算损耗谱,调整优化了工艺参数.采用液相镀膜法,制作了在中红外波长带有低损耗特性的Ag/SiO2/AgI/SiO2三层介质膜结构空芯光纤.     

飞秒激光触发光电导天线产生太赫兹波的研究

研究了光电导天线产生太赫兹波的辐射特性,利用麦克斯韦方程及其边界条件,计算了近远场的电场强度;采用电磁波时域有限差分方法（FDTD）,在Matlab系统软件中,用C语言编写程序计算光电导偶极天线的辐射太赫兹波的空间电磁场分布,并在计算机上以伪彩色图形显示,这种电磁场的可视化结果为天线的设计和改进提供了直观的物理依据。     

溴化亚铜蒸气激光像亮度增强投影显微镜

作为像亮度增强器，金属蒸气激光器，尤其是铜蒸气激光器有独特的优点：气体激活介质的高度光学均匀性，足够高的章程增益，高达20KHZ的重复频率，以及正好发射出现觉最     

基于RSSI修正的改进DV-Hop测距算法

针对DV-Hop算法测距误差受节点分布不均匀影响较大的问题和RSSI算法受环境因素影响较大的问题,提出了一种基于RSSI修正的改进型DV-Hop测距算法。该算法在保持DV-Hop算法环境适应性强的优点的同时,有效降低了由于节点分布不均而引起的测距误差,从而提高了定位精度。仿真结果表明该修正算法在不同的锚节点数和不同的通信半径下,均能够有效降低测距误差;同时该算法的定位精度与原DV-Hop算法以及另外3种以DV-Hop为基础的改进型算法相比均得以提高。