脉冲激光薄膜制备技术

脉冲激光薄膜沉积是近年来受到普遍关注的制膜新技术。简要介绍了脉冲激光薄膜沉积技术的物理原理、独具的特点和研究发展动态,并介绍了采用脉冲激光薄膜沉积技术制备硅基纳米PtSi薄膜的结果     

Origin of Chinese ancient glasses—study on the earliest Chinese ancient glasses

The earliest Chinese ancient glasses before the West Han Dynasty (200 BC) from different regions are studied. The glass samples were unearthed from Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Xinjiang of China. The chemical composition of these glasses samples is analyzed by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). It is shown that the glass chemical compositions belong to barium-lead silicate BaO-PbO-SiO₂, potash soda lime silicate K₂O (Na₂O)-CaO-SiO₂ (K₂O/Na₂O>1), soda potash lime silicate Na₂O (K₂O)-CaO-SiO₂ (K₂O/Na₂O<1) and potash silicate K₂O-SiO₂ glass systems, respectively. The origins of the earliest Chinese ancient glasses are discussed from the archaeological and historical points of view. These four types of Chinese ancient glasses were all made in Chinese territory using local raw materials. The glass preparation technology was related to the Chinese ancient bronze metallurgy and proto-porcelain glaze technology. The glass technology relationship between the East and the West is analyzed at the same time.     

Development and characterization of magnesium composites containing nano-sized silicon carbide and carbon nanotubes as hybrid reinforcements

Magnesium based hybrid composites containing nano-sized silicon carbide and carbon nanotubes reinforcements with minimal porosity were successfully fabricated using powder metallurgy technique with microwave sintering and hot extrusion. It was found that the addition of nano-sized silicon carbide and carbon nanotubes reinforcements lowered the coefficient of thermal expansion of magnesium. Moreover, increasing presence of silicon carbide particles led to a progressive reduction in coefficient of thermal expansion for a constant overall amount of reinforcements indicating that carbon nanotubes lowered the coefficient of thermal expansion to a lesser extent when compared to silicon carbide. Micro-hardness, 0.2% YS and UTS (except for Mg+1%CNT) showed improvement, while failure strain decreased when nano-sized silicon carbide and carbon nanotubes were added to magnesium. The failure mode of magnesium and magnesium composites was predominantly brittle exhibiting the presence of cleavage steps.     

Selective detection of alkanolamine vapors by ion mobility spectrometry with ketone reagent gases

The ion mobility (IMS) spectra of the alkanolamines, monoethanolamine (MEA), 3-amino-1-propanol (PRA), 4-amino-1-butanol (BUA), and 5-amino-1-pentanol (PEA) with acetone and 4-heptanone reagent gases have been measured using a hand-held spectrometer. Monomer and dimer peak patterns were observed for all the alkanolamines with acetone reagent gas. Drift times of monomer and dimer ion clusters for each alkanolamine increased linearly in order of size of alkyl group. Ammonia, Freon 22, and F76 diesel vapors, having similar or coincident mobilities, caused severe interference. Replacement of acetone with 4-heptanone reagent gas resulted in good separation by the altering drift times of product ions. The limit of detection was 0.005 ppm having a linear range of 0.005-0.7 ppm, and signal saturation occurred above 0.88 ppm. Detection was reversible, with a response time of 4 min and a slower recovery time of > 60 min, at vapor levels of 0.7 ppm and ambient nozzle and drift-region temperatures. In contrast to acetone chemistry, single-peak patterns were observed for the alkanolamines with the 4-heptanone reagent. Further, drift times unexpectedly remained stagnant with increasing alkyl-group size. From atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APcI) tandem mass spectral identifications and collision induced studies, dynamic changes in product-ion equilibria in the IMS drift region compensated by differences in collision cross sections were suggested as the governing causes of the unusual mobility effect.     

A swept frequency multiplication technique for air-coupled ultrasonic NDE

A new technique has been investigated for improving the signals that can be obtained in air-coupled nondestruction evaluation (NDE). This relies on the wide bandwidth available from polymer-filmed capacitive transducers. The technique relies on a swept-frequency "chirp" signal, which is transmitted from a transducer in air. The new technique differs from existing time-domain correlation techniques, such as pulse compression, in that a single multiplication process is performed in the time domain to give a difference frequency signal. This then can be isolated easily in the frequency domain. It will be demonstrated that this new swept frequency multiplication (SFM) approach gives the potential for rapid air-coupled imaging.     

Resolution improvement in microscopic imaging through turbid media based on differential polarization gating

We report a new method for microscopic imaging of an object embedded in a turbid medium, based on the differential polarization-gating mechanism. It is demonstrated that with this method, image resolution through optically thick milk suspensions can be improved by as much as 30% compared with no-gating methods. An image resolution of tens of micrometers is achieved in an optically thick turbid medium, which is approximately 10 times better than that achieved in transillumination imaging in a similar medium.     

烟囱结构竖向地震作用研究进展

目前在工程结构抗震领域中,关于结构水平地震作用的研究已经形成了比较完善的理论体系和抗震设计方法;然而通过理论研究和对大量震害现象的分析表明,竖向地震作用对结构的作用不容忽视。国内外学者对烟囱结构的竖向地震作用展开了深入的研究,取得了丰硕的成果。介绍了目前国内关于烟囱结构竖向地震作用的研究现状,内容包括烟囱结构竖向地震作用的震害分析、烟囱竖向地震作用计算理论的研究、烟囱竖向地震作用的试验研究。最后讨论了存在的问题,提出了今后值得研究的若干问题。     

估算火灾烟气中丧失逃生能力的人数

1前言建筑的火灾危害或风险分析为建筑内人员提供安全状况奠定了基础。由于多数火灾人员伤亡是因吸入烟气,所以在这些分析中着重考虑人员抵抗毒性火灾烟气的潜能。估算对生命状况的危害首先从此类因素着手:如烟气对人的毒性大小、烟气的产生和迁移的速度以及人员穿过烟气的行走     

液压平衡回路应用探讨

本文对传统平衡回路进行详细分析，指出传统平衡回路应用的局限性，同时引人一种新型平衡回路，有效解决了液压系统中液压缸在负载下行过程中产生冲击振动、能量消耗大而引起发热等问题。     

弹簧限位抗震支座在五棵松文化体育中心体育馆大跨钢屋架设计中的应用

五棵松文化体育中心体育馆为2008北京奥运会篮球馆,钢结构屋架跨度为122.3m,采用了非等高(6.3~9.3m)双向正交钢桁架体系。桁架结构支承在周边20根钢筋混凝土柱上。除与四角柱为双向固定铰接外,钢屋架与其它柱在平行于桁架方向采用了有弹簧限位的滑动支座,垂直于桁架方向为固定铰接。滑动支座有效地控制了屋架传给承重柱的推力,尤其在地震作用下。在考虑竖向荷载组合、多遇地震荷载组合和设防地震荷载组合的情况下,均能满足承载力极限状态和正常使用极限状态要求。