Effect of styrene–acrylonitrile on the electrical resistivity of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐filled polycarbonate (PC)/styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) blends with a wide range of blend compositions were prepared by melt mixing in a rotational rheometer, and the effect of SAN on the electrical properties of the PC/MWCNT composites was studied. The structure/electrical property relationship was investigated and explained by a combination of MWCNT localization and blend morphology. Transmission electron micrographs showed selective localization of MWCNTs in the PC phase, regardless of the blend morphology. When the SAN concentration was 10–40 wt %, which corresponded to sea‐island (10–30 wt %) and cocontinuous (40 wt %) blend morphologies (PC was continuous in both structures), the electrical resistivity decreased with increases in the SAN content. The concept of an effective volume concentration of MWCNTs was used to explain this effect. When the SAN concentration was 70 wt % or higher, the electrical resistivity was very high because MWCNTs were confined in the isolated PC particles. In addition, SAN was replaced by other polymers [polystyrene, methyl methacrylate/styrene, and poly(methyl methacrylate)]; these yielded similar blend morphologies and MWCNT localization and showed the generality of the concept of effective concentration in explaining a decrease in the electrical resistivity upon the addition of a second polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.     

Preparation and mechanical properties of high‐performance short ramie fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites

Short ramie fiber (RF) was used to reinforce the polypropylene (PP). The composites were prepared in a twin‐screw extruder followed by injection molding. The experimental results showed that both the strength and the modulus of the composites increase considerably with increasing RF content. The tensile strength and flexural strength are as high as 67 and 80 MPa by the incorporation of ramie up to 30 wt %. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the best results for short natural fiber‐reinforced PP composites. However, the preparation method in this study is more simple and economic. This short RF‐reinforced PP composites extend the application field for short‐nature fiber‐reinforced PP composites. Morphological analysis revealed that it is the high aspect ratio of the fiber and good interfacial compatibility that result in the high performance of the composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Reinforcement of peroxide‐cured styrene–butadiene rubber vulcanizates by mathacrylic acid and magnesium oxide

Through the neutralization of magnesium oxide (MgO) and methacrylic acid (MAA), magnesium methacrylate [Mg(MAA)₂] was in situ prepared in styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and used to reinforce the SBR vulcanizates cured by dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The experimental results show that the mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, optical properties, and crosslink structure of the Mg(MAA)₂‐reinforced SBR vulcanizates depend on the DCP content, Mg(MAA)₂ content, and the mole ratio of MgO/MAA. The formulation containing DCP 0.6–0.9 phr, Mg(MAA)₂ 30–40 phr, and MgO/MAA mole ratio 0.50–0.75 is recommended for good mechanical properties of the SBR vulcanizates. The tensile strength of the SBR vulcanizates is up to 31.4 MPa when the DCP content is 0.6 phr and the Mg(MAA)₂ content is 30 phr. The SBR vulcanizate have good aging resistance and limited retention of tensile strength at 100°C. The SBR vulcanizates are semitransparent, and have a good combination of high hardness, high tensile strength, and elongation at break. The T_g values of the SBR vulcanizates depend largely on the DCP content, but depend less on the Mg(MAA)₂ content and the MgO/MAA mole ratio. The contents of DCP, Mg(MAA)₂, and the MgO/MAA mole ratio have also great effects on the E′ values of the vulcanizates. The salt crosslink density is greatly affected by the Mg(MAA)₂ content and MgO/MAA mole ratio, but less affected by the DCP content. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2667–2676, 2002     

Lipase‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of (R,S)‐fenoprofen thioester in isooctane

A lipase‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis process under in situ racemization of the remaining (R)‐thioetser substrate with trioctylamine as the catalyst was developed for the production of (S)‐fenoprofen from (R,S)‐fenoprofen 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl thioester in isooctane. Detailed investigations of trioctylamine concentration on the enzyme activation and the kinetic behavior of the thioester in racemization and enzymatic reactions were conducted, in which good agreement between the experimental data and theoretical results was observed. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Investigation on compounding and application of C80-C100 high-performance concrete

This paper presents the compounding technology and application of C80-C100 high-performance concrete (HPC) containing ultra-pulverized fly ash composite (PFAC) and superplasticizer. The properties of C80-C100 HPC are also studied systematically. The experimental results indicate that this concrete has excellent workability, high strength, lower drying shrinkage, outstanding volume stability, durability, etc.     

原位生成甲基丙烯酸钠增强EVM硫化胶的性能

通过氢氧化钠（NaOH)和甲基丙烯酸（MAA）的中和反应，在乙烯－乙酸乙烯酯橡胶（EVM）中原位生成甲基丙烯酸钠（NaMAA)，研究了NaMAA原位增强EVM的流变特性，应力软化和应力松弛以及老化前后的力学性能，并与炭黑（N330）增强的硫化胶进行对比，结果表明：NaMAA的引入对EVM混炼胶的门尼粘度几乎没有影响，但在硫化过程中提高了混炼胶的硫化速度，缩短了焦烧时间，与HAF相比，NaMAA对EVM硫化胶具有更好的增强效果，较好的耐老化性能，NaMAA增强的EVM硫化胶具有更明显的应力软化效应，应力松弛程度更大。     

多孔陶瓷材料的制备技术及应用

本文综述了近年来多孔陶瓷材料制备技术的研究现状及应用，多孔陶瓷性能特殊，应用广泛，并为生物医学等相关行业带来进步。     

甲基橙指示还原终点铈量法测定铁矿石中全铁含量

铁矿石经HCl-KF HCO4溶样后，用二氯化锡还原Fe^3 为Fe^2 ，以甲基橙做指示剂指示还原终点，肺铈量法测定铁矿石中全铁的含量。方法简便，快速，终点每锐，精密度好，准确度高。     

丙酮酸分批发酵的供氧控制模式

以一株光滑球拟酵母的多重维生素营养缺陷型为研究菌株,考察了分批发酵中不同体积传氧系数(KL_a)对其产丙酮酸性能的影响.高KL_a(450 h^-1)下,丙酮酸产率较高(0.797 g·g^-1),但葡萄糖消耗速度较慢(1.14 g·L^-1·h^-1);低KL_a(200 h^-1)下,葡萄糖消耗速度快(1.97 g·L^-1·h^-1),然而丙酮酸产率(0.483 g·g^-1)却明显下降.根据发酵过程主要参数和碳流分配的变化特性提出了发酵前16h控制KL_a为450h^-1、16h后控制KL_a为200 h^-1的分阶段供氧控制模式,结果实现了高产量(69.4 g·L^-1)、高产率(0.636 g·g^-1)和高葡萄糖消耗速度(1.95g·L^-1·h^-1)的相对统一,丙酮酸生产强度(1.24g·L^-1·h^-1)比控制KL_a恒定为450、300和200h^-1的过程分别提高了36％、23％和31％.实验数据表明,供氧良好状态下细胞产丙酮酸性能出现的差异可能是由维生素处于亚适量水平时酵解产生的NADH去路不同,导致细胞处于不同的能量水平而引起的.     

水体总磷测定方法的改进

采用过氧化氢消解水样，测定水中总磷的含量，春精密度为1.0%，回收率为96.8%-99.1%之间，此方法操作简单，稳定，准确，快速。