Kinetic theory for aquatic animal distribution simulation

Identifying the underlying mechanisms that influence the spatial patterns in populations improves the forecasts of the alternative management strategies on the spatial dynamics of the populations, which are critical for assessing and managing the fisheries and improving the water resource management. This paper described a new approach of the numerical model for the prediction of the aquatic animal distribution in the flows. The model was developed based on the kinetic theory of gases, the mechanism of the aquatic animal movement and the flow hydrodynamic patterns. The model was validated using the available experimental data and an acceptable agreement was obtained. A comprehensive parameter study was then conducted to help understand the impact and the sensitivity of each parameter to the aquatic animal distribution. The promising results of the model reveal the prospect of applying this model to the reliable prediction of the aquatic animal distribution within a relatively large water area.     

An introduction to the novel vacuum plume effects experimental system

This paper introduces a newly developed vacuum Plume effects Experimental System(PES) used for plume effect tests of rocket engines and vacuum heat tests of satellites. The design level, manufacturing technique, and testing capabilities of the PES have reached a highly advanced level at home and abroad. The PES mainly consists of a vacuum chamber, vacuum acquisition system, nitrogen system, helium system, and parameter measurement system. A breakthrough was obtained on the Large Scale Cryo-Pumping System, which was based on a combined liquid nitrogen and liquid helium heat sink. An internal cryopump with a limiting temperature of 4.2 K and an efficient absorption area of 305 m2 was developed. The absorption capability of the cryopump was above 7×107 L/s. Vacuum plume tests were performed in the temperature ranges of ambient temperature, liquid nitrogen, and liquid helium. The experimental results showed that the plume test capability of PES is higher than that of similar foreign equipment STG and CHAFF-4. For 2 g/s and 117 N rocket engines, the dynamic vacuum degree of environment was 8.0×10?4 Pa(approximately 137 km height) and 1.1×10?2 Pa(approximately 106 km height), respectively.     

Multi-species particle swarms optimization based on orthogonal learning and its application for optimal design of a butterfly-shaped patch antenna

A new multi-species particle swarm optimization with a two-level hierarchical topology and the orthogonal learning strategy(OMSPSO) is proposed, which enhances the global search ability of particles and increases their convergence rates. The numerical results on 10 benchmark functions demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. Then, the proposed algorithm is presented to design a butterfly-shaped microstrip patch antenna. Combined with the HFSS solver, a butterfly-shaped patch antenna with a bandwidth of about 40.1% is designed by using the proposed OMSPSO. The return loss of the butterfly-shaped antenna is greater than 10 d B between 4.15 and 6.36 GHz. The antenna can serve simultaneously for the high-speed wireless computer networks(5.15–5.35 GHz) and the RFID systems(5.8 GHz).     

Temperature control for thermal treatment of aluminum alloy in a large-scale vertical quench furnace

The temperature control of the large-scale vertical quench furnace is very difficult due to its huge volume and complex thermal exchanges. To meet the technical requirement of the quenching process, a temperature control system which integrates temperature calibration and temperature uniformity control is developed for the thermal treatment of aluminum alloy workpieces in the large-scale vertical quench furnace. To obtain the aluminum alloy workpiece temperature, an air heat transfer model is newly established to describe the temperature gradient distribution so that the immeasurable workpiece temperature can be calibrated from the available thermocouple temperature. To satisfy the uniformity control of the furnace temperature, a second order partial differential equation(PDE) is derived to describe the thermal dynamics inside the vertical quench furnace. Based on the PDE, a decoupling matrix is constructed to solve the coupling issue and decouple the heating process into multiple independent heating subsystems. Then, using the expert control rule to find a compromise of temperature rising time and overshoot during the quenching process. The developed temperature control system has been successfully applied to a 31 m large-scale vertical quench furnace, and the industrial running results show the significant improvement of the temperature uniformity, lower overshoot and shortened processing time.     

被动式建筑空气龄和热舒适度的数值分析

为研究地下室和通风井以及通风井开口面积对被动式建筑室内空气龄和热环境的影响。我们利用计算流体力学软件PHOENICS对上述情况进行模拟研究。模拟结果表明:设置地下室和通风井将有利于室内空气品质的提升和热环境的改善;建筑单独设置通风井对空气龄的影响较大,对热环境的影响较小;当通风井开口面积与横截面积之比分别为2/3、1/2、1/3时,取通风井开口面积与横截面积之比为1/2,则一楼空气龄和室内热环境为最佳。     

激电测深法在贵州大观金矿区勘查中的应用

介绍了激电测深在大观金矿区的应用,在简要阐述矿区的地质和地球物理特征的基础上,介绍了物探的工作方法,重点对激电测深异常进行了推断解释.通过开展激电测深工作,大致确定F1断裂蚀变带的规模、性质,结合矿床地质资料,推测矿(化)体的大致位置,为深入开展地质找矿工作提供了有利的依据.     

金属Al电子结构与热力学性质的第一性原理计算

针对金属Al的电子结构与热力学性质,采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理以及CASTEP软件进行了理论计算,得到了金属Al的平衡晶格常数、相关弹性系数、电子能带、态密度、声子谱、声子态密度以及相关热力学参数,并对计算结果进行了理论分析.结果表明,金属Al具有明显的导电特性与良好的塑性.金属Al具有3条声学支波色散曲线与一个声子态密度峰.随着温度的增加,熵、焓均增加,而自由能减少.热容量随着温度的增加而迅速增加,当温度达到500 K后,热容量几乎不变,所得结论与物理规律相符合.     

γ-氨基丁酸受体基因的系统性调控网络

提出一种多学科交叉结合的策略,试图初步获得系统性调控γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)受体基因的转录因子线索.利用基于功能基因组学方法的DNA元件百科全书计划已发表的数据,系统性地获得GABA受体基因的开放染色质序列,并以此作为固相化探针,捕获与其特异性相互作用的蛋白质分子,并利用质谱分析鉴定蛋白.结果发现,对不同脑区获得的核蛋白,探针都能捕获到同样的特异性条带,然而,作为对照的天门冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartate,NMDA)受体基因相关的开放染色质探针,在不同脑区中并未检获上述特异信号,说明结合蛋白是特异的.质谱分析表明,与GABA受体基因相关的开放染色质特异相互作用的蛋白是核膜血影重复蛋白-1(nuclear envelop spectrin repeatprotein-1,Nesprin-1),又称synaptic nuclear envelope-1(SYNE-1).进一步的调控网络生物信息学分析表明,Nesprin-1可能与MAFA、IRX2、BCL6、CEBPA以及RP58等转录因子形成复合物,并与GABA受体基因GABRA5、GABRA6、GABBR1和GABBR2等共表达.表明GABA受体基因在不同脑区是通过相同的转录调控机制进行表达的,Nesprin-1可能与MAFA、IRX2、BCL6、CEBPA以及RP58等转录因子形成复合物进而调控GABA受体基因表达,该特异的转录因子调控网络有望用于诱导多能干细胞或是前体细胞直接分化为GABA能神经元.     

Effect of tin addition on the microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel

This article reports the effects of Sn on the inclusions as well as the mechanical properties and hot workability of ferritic stainless steel. Precipitation phases and inclusions in Sn-bearing ferritic...     

Effects of COD to Phosphorus Ratios on the Metabolism of PAOs in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with Different Carbon Sources

To elucidate the phosphorus removal and metabolism under various COD / P ratio,a sludge highly enriched in PAOs was used to investigate the impacts of COD / P in batch tests under different carbon supply conditions. Acetate,propionate and a mixture of acetate and propionate at a ratio of 3 ∶ 1( COD basis) was used as carbon sources with the COD / P of 20,15,10 and 5. 0 g COD /gP,respectively. The minimum COD / P ratios for complete P removal were found to be 8. 24 g COD /gP for acetate,11. 40 g COD /gP for propionate and9. 10 g COD /gP for the 3 ∶ 1 mixture of acetate and propionate. Converted to a mass basis,all three cases had a very similar ratio of 7. 7 g VFA /gP,which represented a useful guide for operation of EBPR plants to identify possible shortages in VFAs. The trend in PHV accumulation during the anaerobic period along with the decrease of COD / P ratios suggested that,PAOs may use the TCA pathway for anaerobic VFA uptake to maintain the required NADH production with reduced glycogen degradation. During the aerobic phase,the glycogen pool was reduced but remained enough compared to the requirement for anaerobic VFA uptake,and the synthesis and degradation of glycogen was not the inhibition factor of PAOs.