"WEEE"和"RoHS"指令的对应策略

随着“WEEE”和“RoHS”指令实施的日益临近,国内许多企业苦于进展缓慢。本文提出了企业的对应策略。     

Sub-boundaries in3He and4He single crystal and their migration below 1K observed by X-ray topography

The observation of alterations in crystal structure at ultra-low temperatures by X-ray diffraction, made possible by the realization of synchrotron radiation use after a quarter of this century, plays an important role in obtaining an understanding of the base structure of solids. For that, two types of³He-⁴He dilution refrigerators with a modified version of the top-loading facilities were installed at the BL-3C₂ and 6C₁ stations of the Photon Factory. In BL-3C₂, the behaviors of lattice defects in solid helium have been studied by X-ray topography. In this note, the migrations of sub-boundaries in³He and⁴He single-crystals are reported as being the result of an annealing effect. After annealing hcp⁴He single crystals for 80min at 0.5K, no change in crystallographic orientations could be easily observed from white SR X-ray topographs. In the same type topographs of bcc³He single crystals after annealing for several hours at 03K, migration of sub-boundaries were conspicuously discerned.     

Chaos in a series circuit with a nonlinear capacitor and a nonlinear inductor

This paper proposes a nonlinear circuit that generates chaotic oscillations. The proposed nonlinear circuit includes a nonlinear capacitor and a nonlinear inductor by using Generalized Impedance Converters. Both computational experiments and experiments on real circuits show that the region for chaotic oscillation is very wide, demonstrating that the proposed circuit is effective as a chaos generator. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(2): 35–42, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10361     

Time-domain electronic-noise generation for a Monte Carlo study of signal processing

A general technique to generate electronic noise was developed in a time-domain approach with the aid of a deconvolution technique in a discrete-time sampling system. We found that the technique is applicable even for a system in which the electronic-noise charge is not well defined. The generated noise train was reconstructed in terms of a sample-correlated function and the frequency spectrum.     

Enhancement of Thermoelectric Properties in Surface Nanostructures

The thermoelectric properties of TiN/MgO surface nanostructures have been determined using first-principles calculations based on the nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method. Through structural modification of the surfaces at the atomistic level, we find that the metallic TiN thin-film layer becomes semiconducting with a small bandgap, which enhances the Seebeck coefficient, while the electrical conductivity remains high at room temperature. Hence, a much larger thermoelectric figure of merit is obtained compared with bulk. These findings indicate the possibility of designing thermoelectric devices with surface nanostructures.     

Adsorption of benzoic acid and phenol from aqueous solution by activated carbons—effect of surface acidity

Effect of surface acidic groups of activated carbons on their adsorption characteristics for substrates from aqueous solutions were studied. Six kinds of carbons obtained commercially and their heat-treated products were used. Pore-size distribution, BET surface area and surface acidity were measured. Adsorption isotherms for benzoic acid and phenol from aqueous solutions (single or double components) were obtained. Substitution adsorption, i.e. substrate adsorbed preliminarily is substituted by another substrate, was also carried out. It was found that adsorption of benzoic acid is scarcely affected by surface acidity of carbons and the amount adsorbed is almost entirely controlled by the specific surface area of carbons. On the contrary, adsorption of phenol is retarded considerably by the acidity of carbons. In the case of solution of double components, benzoic acid is adsorbed predominatedly. The phenol adsorbed preliminarily is easily substituted by benzoic acid, but the substitution of benzoic acid by phenol scarcely proceeds.     

Model study on the formation of fuel NOx from cokes on combustion: Effect of metal oxides

To elucidate the process of ‘fuel NO_x’ formation from cokes and chars on combustion, carbons obtained from urea-resin and melamine-resin were subjected to combustion under a stream of pure oxygen at temperatures between 600 °C and 1000 °C. The carbons subjected to combustion without any additives produced a relatively small amount of NO_x, but, it was observed that the NO_x formation predominated at lower temperatures of combustion. When the combustion was carried out with the addition of metal oxides, such as iron oxides and cupric oxide, the amount of NO_x formed increased markedly but silicon dioxide had no such effect.     

Quadruped virtual robot simulation in a virtual environment obeying physical laws

In the development of a robot, the validation of that robot with the use of real machinery takes a considerable amount of time and money. In particular, it is difficult to validate a robot’s behavior in an unsafe place. The developers also have to pay attention to virtual debugging. Using a program validated in VR space makes the verification of a real machine’s behavior more efficient. In this research, we make a virtual robot walk on a road autonomously by using a program where the virtual robot tracks a line in a virtual environment.     

Relationship between NAFLD and Periodontal Disease from the View of Clinical and Basic Research,and Immunological Response

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic oral microorganisms that leads to the destruction of alveolar bone and connective tissues around the teeth. Although many studies have shown that periodontal disease is a risk factor for systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and periodontal disease has not yet been clarified. Thus, the purpose of this review was to reveal the relationship between NAFLD and periodontal disease based on epidemiological studies, basic research, and immunology. Many cross-sectional and prospective epidemiological studies have indicated that periodontal disease is a risk factor for NAFLD. An in vivo animal model revealed that infection with periodontopathic bacteria accelerates the progression of NAFLD accompanied by enhanced steatosis. Moreover, the detection of periodontopathic bacteria in the liver may demonstrate that the bacteria have a direct impact on NAFLD. Furthermore, Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces inflammation and accumulation of intracellular lipids in hepatocytes. Th17 may be a key molecule for explaining the relationship between periodontal disease and NAFLD. In this review, we attempted to establish that oral health is essential for systemic health, especially in patients with NAFLD.