用遗传算法实现四色图问题

遗传算法是模拟生物进化过程的算法,任何问题只要能用一组合适的编码来表示其中的一个可行解,那么这个可行解就可以看做是一个生物个体,若干个可行解就可以看做是一个生物种群。将问题的若干个可行解利用生物进化的特点,最终就可以简单快速地得到问题的一个最优解。利用遗传算法和四色图问题的这一特点,通过遗传算法实现了四色图问题的求解。实验证明,用遗传算法实现类似的四色图问题,思想简单,收敛速度快。     

三维闪存中基于钨互连的空气隙结构的制备工艺

将空气隙应用于逻辑器件后段金属互连线中可以有效降低互连线间的寄生电容,提升电路信号传输速度,但制备过程仍具有一定的困难。基于三维闪存(3D NAND)中后段(BEOL)W的自对准双重图形化(SADP)工艺,利用湿法刻蚀的方法在W化学机械平坦化(CMP)之后去除SiO_2介质层,然后再利用化学气相淀积(CVD)法淀积一层台阶覆盖率较低的介质在金属互连线层内形成空气隙。采用空气隙结构代替原来的SiO_2介质层可降低约37.4%的寄生电容,且薄膜的台阶覆盖率会进一步降低电容。TCAD仿真和电性能测试结果表明,采用该方法制备的空气隙结构可降低互连延迟。     

Extended state observer-based attitude fault-tolerant control of rigid spacecraft

In this paper, a novel fault-tolerant attitude tracking control is proposed for a rigid spacecraft with uncertain inertia matrix, actuator faults, actuator misalignment and external disturbances. The uncertainty of the inertial matrix is caused by the rotation of solar panels, payload movement and fuel consumption, and actuator faults, which include partially failed and completely failed actuators. A novel extended state observer is proposed to estimate the total uncertainties and a fast nonsingular terminal sliding-mode control scheme is proposed to get a faster, higher control precision. Strict finite-time convergence and the concrete convergence time are given. Finally, all the states of the closed-loop system are guaranteed to converge to the corresponding region in a finite time by choosing appropriate parameters. Simulation and comparison results further show the effectiveness and advantages of this method.     

非合作面部晃动情况下的心率检测

目的 心率是直接反映人体健康的重要指标之一,基于视频的非接触式心率检测在医疗健康领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,现有的基于视频的方法不适用于复杂的现实场景,主要原因是没有考虑视频中目标晃动干扰和空间尺度特征,使得血液容积脉冲信号提取不准确,检测精度不尽人意。为了克服以上缺陷,提出一种抗人脸晃动干扰的非接触式心率检测方法。方法 本文方法主要包含3个步骤：首先,针对目标晃动干扰人脸区域选择的问题,利用判别响应图拟合检测参考图像的人脸区域及主要器官特征点,在人脸跟踪时首次引入倾斜校正思想,输出晃动干扰抑制后的人脸视频;然后,结合空间尺度的差异,采用颜色放大方法对晃动干扰抑制后的人脸视频进行时空处理,提取干净的血液容积脉冲信号;最后,考虑到小样本问题,通过傅里叶系数迭代插值的频域分析方法估计心率。结果 在人脸静止的合作情况以及人脸晃动的非合作情况下采集视频,对心率检测结果进行定量分析,本文方法在两种情况下的准确率分别为97.84%和97.30%,与经典和最新的方法相比,合作情况准确率提升大于1%,非合作情况准确率提升大于7%,表现了出色的性能。结论 提出了一种基于人脸视频处理的心率检测方法,通过有效分析人脸的晃动干扰和尺度特性,提取到干净的血液容积脉冲信号,提高了心率检测的精度和鲁棒性。     

An efficient and fast polarity optimization approach for mixed polarity Reed-Muller logic circuits

Although the genetic algorithm has been widely used in the polarity optimization of mixed polarity Reed-Muller (MPRM) logic circuits, few studies have taken into account the polarity conversion sequence. In order to improve the efficiency of polarity optimization of MPRM logic circuits, we propose an efficient and fast polarity optimization approach (FPOA) considering the polarity conversion sequence. The main idea behind the FPOA is that, firstly, the best polarity conversion sequence of the polarity set waiting for evaluation is obtained by using the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA); secondly, each of polarity in the polarity set is converted according to the best polarity conversion sequence obtained by HGA. Our proposed FPOA is implemented in C and a comparative analysis has been presented for MCNC benchmark circuits. The experimental results show that for the circuits with more variables, the FPOA is highly effective in improving the efficiency of polarity optimization of MPRM logic circuits compared with the traditional polarity optimization approach which neglects the polarity conversion sequence and the improved polarity optimization approach with heuristic technique.     

Estimation of solar-induced fluorescence using the canopy reflectance index

This article presents a methodology to quantitatively extract the solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) using the canopy reflectance index. The sensitivity analysis was conducted with a spectral vegetation Fluorescence Model (FluorMOD), and the results demonstrate that Sun zenith angle (θ), fluorescence quantum efficiency (Fi), leaf inclination distribution function (LIDF), leaf temperature (T), leaf area index, and leaf chlorophyll a + b content (chl-a+b) had large effects on the fluorescence radiance at 761 nm (LF,761). Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, the input parameters θ, Fi, LIDF, T, and chl-a+b varied within a certain range during the generation of the simulated data. Based on the simulated data, R₇₄₀/R₆₃₀, R₆₈₅/R₈₅₀, and R₇₅₀/R₇₁₀ were thought to be the best candidates to extract the fluorescence radiation. The quantitative relationships between the fluorescence retrieved by R₇₄₀/R₆₃₀, R₆₈₅/R₈₅₀, and R₇₅₀/R₇₁₀ and LF,761 were analysed and expressed as functions of θ, Fi, T, and reflectance index. The correlation coefficients (r) between the fluorescence retrieved using R₆₈₅/R₈₅₀, R₇₄₀/R₆₃₀, and R₇₅₀/R₇₁₀ and LF,761 are 0.94, 0.95, and 0.95, respectively, and the root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 0.32, 0.29, and 0.30 W m^?2 μm^?1 sr^?1, respectively. Through comparison with FLD and 3FLD, the method presented in this article yielded better results, and could be used to estimate the fluorescence. This methodology provides new insights into the quantitative retrieval of SIF from the reflectance spectrum.     

Selenium‐Containing Polymer@Metal‐Organic Frameworks Nanocomposites as an Efficient Multiresponsive Drug Delivery System

The development of efficient multiresponsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) to control drug release has been widely explored. Herein, a facile strategy is reported that enables the micelles of the selenium‐containing polymer with the drug to be encapsulated in metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), which serves as multiresponsive drug release by employing the selenium‐containing polymers with redox‐triggered property and the MOFs with pH‐triggered property in DDS. In this case, the micelles of selenium‐containing polymers, as core easily disassembles in the presence of redox agents, can then release the drug in MOFs matrixes. The ZIF‐8 (one type of MOFs) crystal frameworks serving as shell can collapse only under low pH conditions, and the drug can be further released. In the presence of external redox agents as well as the pH stimuli, the prepared nanocomposite (P@ZIF‐8) drug system exhibits the capability of multiresponsive release of the doxorubicin (DOX) and possesses good selectivity in releasing the DOX under low pH conditions instead of normal pH conditions. In addition, the merits of P@ZIF‐8 such as good biocompatibility, multiresponsive release properties, and especially the selective release properties under different pH conditions make the materials highly promising candidates for the realization of controlled drug delivery in tumor tissue systems.     

多变量控制方式在液氮洗工艺中的应用

针对液氮洗装置的工艺特点,通过对合成氨装置生产工艺和过程控制以及历史数据的采集分析,对被控变量进行预测控制与精准控制,保证被控变量在最优区间运行,成功将多变量控制方式应用于合成氨装置。不仅解决了装置多变量耦合性问题,也解决了氢氮比控制滞后问题,减小工艺参数波动,提高装置运行的稳定性。     

AOP臭氧技术在工业循环水系统的应用

分析了工业循环水系统存在的生物黏泥滋生、设备结垢腐蚀的问题,采用AOP臭氧水处理技术,并与加药处理进行对比。结果表明AOP系统能避免药剂杀菌引起的水质变浑、结垢弊端,并具有杀菌、脱垢、阻垢、节能效果。因此该技术是一种更加环保、经济、有效的工业水处理技术。     

基于偏振成像和显著区域自补偿的水下显著目标检测

在浑浊的水下环境中,受水体多重散射以及噪声的影响,造成水下成像质量大幅下降,现有显著性目标检测算法无法满足目标检测准确性的任务需求。因此,提出一种基于偏振成像和显著区域自补偿的水下显著目标检测算法。提出的算法分为两个阶段：采用基于偏振角估计后向散射光的方法去除后向散射的影响,同时引入引导滤波进行水下去噪,再通过PSF函数去除前向散射造成的模糊效应;利用改进的栅格扫描算法结合局部特征描述符识别前景超像素,根据前景超像素生成显著区域对网络进行优化补偿,再结合DeepLabv3+网络生成最终的分割图。在浑浊水下环境进行了多组对比实验结果表明,所提复原算法可以有效地增强目标,提高了目标的对比度和清晰度,所提显著目标检测算法能够准确地检测出水下显著目标,并且可以保留细节信息。结合偏振成像模型的优点,该算法能够较好地克服水下复杂的光学成像环境,并且能快速准确地检测出水下显著目标。