EFFECT OF OPERATING TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ON THE TRANSITION FROM BUBBLING TO TURBULENT FLUIDIZATION

Experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of operating temperature(50 to 500℃)andpressure(1×10~5 to 8×10~5 Pa)on the transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization by computer analysisof the pressure fluctuation in dense phase.In order to reveal the influence of particle properties on the tran-sition process,eight kinds of particles were employed.A empirical correlaton which takes into accountthe effects of temperature and pressure is recommended for the prediction of transition velocity     

漏液的不均布对塔板效率影响

依据液体二维不均匀流动、二维涡流扩散模型，建立了在给定汽液平衡关系式条件下，提出了一个不均匀漏液对板上液体浓度分布影响的数学模型，在此基础上，采用差分法对该模型进行求解。讨论了在不同的参数（包括）下不均匀漏液对板效率的影响，以图表的形式给出。结果表明，漏液的不均布确实会对板效率产生重大影响，在计算板效率时应以漏液不均匀为条件。     

聚合反应器模型在高密度聚乙烯装置中的应用

以淤浆法高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)聚合过程为研究对象,建立了聚合反应器的数学模型方法,并把建立的模型在操作工况分析、装置能力核算和扩能改造方案确定等方面进行应用,同时还指出模型在其他方面的应用前景.     

Phase holdup and liquid dispersion in gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized beds

Axial and radial profiles of gas and solids holdups have been studied in agas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed at 140mm i.d..Experimental results indicate that the axialand radial profiles of gas and solids holdups are more uniform than those in a conventionalfluidized bed.Axial and radial liquid dispersion coefficients in the gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidizedbed are investigated for the first time.It is found that axial and radial liquid dispersioncoefficients increases with increaes in gas velocity and solids holdup.The liquid velocity has littleinfluence on the axial liquid dispersion coefficient,but would adversely affect the redial liquiddispersion coefficient.It can be concluded that the gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed hasadvantages such as better interphase contact and lower liquid dispersion along the axial directionover the expanded bed.     

PARTICLE FLOW PATTERNS IN THE RISER AND DOWNER OF CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED

This paper presents an experimental study on the flow patterns of FCC particles in a 140 mm ID Circulating Fluidized Bed with concurrent upflow and downflow gas-solid suspension. Based on the distribution of local particle velocity and particle concentration measured by a Fiber-Optical Probe Laser Doppler Velocimeter and a Fiber Optical Probe System respectively, the different flow patterns of local particls concentration, local particle velocity, local particle fluctuating velocity and sectionally average particle velocity in concurrent upflow and downflow gas-solid system have been investigated. It is found that the particle flow in the concurrent downflow is much more uniform radially than that in the concurrent upflow riser. The investigation of flow patterns in different flow systems is of significance to the development of a new gas-solid reactor.     

Transformation of Crystal Phase of Micron-sized Rutile TiO2 and Investigation on its Sonocatalytic Activity

The partial transformation of crystal phase of micron-sized TiO₂ powder from rutile to anatase was realized utilizing microwave irradiation in hydrogen peroxide solution. Afterwards, the ultrasound of low power was used as an irradiation source to induce the transition crystal TiO₂ powder to perform the sonocatalytic activity through the degradation of azo fuchsine in aqueous solution. The results show that the sonocatalytic activity of the transition crystal TiO₂ powder is obviously higher than that of pure micron-sized rutile and anatase TiO₂ powders. The degradation ratio of azo fuchsine in the presence of the transition crystal TiO₂ powder attains nearly 80% within 80 min ultrasonic irradiation.     

高岭土在碳热还原氮化过程中的相变

系统研究了苏州高岭土碳热还原氮化合成SiAlON过程在不同温度下的相变。对试样的XRD、SEM以及EDXA分析结果表明 ,1 30 0℃之前 ,试样中没有氮化物生成 ,物相为莫来石、石英和方石英 ;1 30 0℃时 ,高岭土开始发生氮化反应 ,生成过渡型SiAlON和β SiAlON。此时 ,石英和方石英相基本消失 ;1 4 0 0℃时 ,过渡型SiAlON、β SiAlON和X SiAlON三相共存 ,β SiAlON有所增多并有少量刚玉相生成 ;从 1 4 50℃到 1 550℃ ,Z值为 3的β SiAlON成为惟一的氮化产物 ,与少量SiC和刚玉相并存。莫来石在 1 50 0℃时完全消失     

5-氯甲酰氧基异肽酰氯的制备

以三光气(简称BTC)为酰氯化剂,与 5 -羟基异酞酸在复合催化剂作用下制备了 5- 氯甲酰氧基异肽酰氯(简称CFIC),收率最高可达 42 .3%。分析了反应条件的改变对产品收率的影响。反应物量比R〔n(三光气)∶n(5- 羟基异酞酸)〕≤1 .1时,产品收率很低,几乎得不到产品; 1. 11 7时,影响不大。溶剂极性越大,反应越快,收率越高。复合催化剂(三乙胺 /咪唑、吡啶 /咪唑)的催化效果远远优于单一催化剂(N,N -二甲基甲酰胺、三乙胺、吡啶和咪唑)。反应适宜在 5 ~20℃操作,温度高于 30℃时,反应很难进行。反应时间较短时,对产品收率影响较大,当时间大于 24h后,影响不大。利用正交实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:反应物量比为 1. 67;催化剂为m(咪唑)∶m(吡啶) =1∶4及m(吡啶+咪唑)∶m(三光气) =0. 08∶1;反应温度5~10℃。用红外光谱仪分析产品的主要官能团:在 1785. 24、1764 .12、1603 .20cm-1和 1557. 99cm-1处有强吸收峰,它们分别为Ar—OCOCl、Ar—COCl与三取代基苯环。用高效液相色谱仪测得w(CFIC) =99. 4%,用数字熔点仪测得产品熔点为 56. 7~57. 0℃。推测了三光气在催化剂作用下的反应机理。     

高耐蚀性Zn—Co合金镀层钝化工艺的研究

研究了电镀Zn-Co合金镀层的钝化液的组成及工艺条件，溶液各成分及工艺条件对钝化膜质量的影响，通过几种腐蚀试验方法，测量了钝化膜的耐蚀性，结果表明，研究的钝化工艺可以得到耐蚀性良好的钝化膜。     

催化精馏合成异丙苯过程催化剂装填结构研究

为考察不同催化剂装填结构对催化精馏合成异丙苯过程的影响 ,在热态反应器中进行苯烃化催化精馏合成异丙苯的研究。反应器直径为 3 0mm ,高 2 0 0 0mm ,所用催化剂为 β改性沸石分子筛。操作压力0 .7MPa ,温度 43 0— 480K ,苯质量空速 4— 6h- 1 ,苯烯摩尔比 1.1— 2 .2 ,回流比 9— 2 0。催化剂装填结构由不锈钢填料与催化剂颗粒组成 ,三种装填结构的空隙率分别为 85 .1% ,81.6%和 79.4%。结果表明 ,对于异丙苯合成体系 ,装填结构对催化精馏的总体效果起决定性影响。在催化剂装填总量不变的前提下 ,异丙苯的选择性与丙烯的转化率均随催化剂装填结构空隙率的提高而提高。在优化条件下 ,异丙苯的选择性达97% ,丙烯转化率接近 10 0 %。催化剂装填结构对异丙苯选择性的影响比对丙烯转化率的影响更显著