Development of a numerical comparator for protective relaying: PartII

This paper describes the testing of a new power system numerical relaying concept. The new technique is applied to distance relaying to offer improved reliability and security of the relay, and improve the speed of relay operation. To validate the algorithm's performance, the scheme was analyzed under a variety of test conditions and compared with conventional relay concepts. This paper presents the results of the testing and shows that the new relaying scheme operated with a high level of security and dependability for all of the test cases. The tests show improvements that the new scheme can offer in comparison to the conventional schemes     

土钉支护结构水平位移安全监控模型研究

国内现行规范、标准是以极限变形值作为土钉支护结构水平位移安全监测报警值 ,但没有反映工程进度影响 ,不便指导工程实践。提出“过程控制”概念 ,以反正切函数为基本形式 ,基于历史经验建立“安全时程曲线”控制模型 ,要求施工过程中实测水平位移始终处在“安全时程曲线”之下 ,以确保最终变形在某一适当的阈值之内 ,已有实测结果可以为施工方案调整提供依据。通过实际案例 ,检验模型的可行性 ,表明过程控制模型较极限变形策略更具可操作性     

Automation model of sewerage rehabilitation planning.

The major steps of sewerage rehabilitation include inspection of sewerage, assessment of structural conditions, computation of structural condition grades, and determination of rehabilitation methods and materials. Conventionally, sewerage rehabilitation planning relies on experts with professional background that is tedious and time-consuming. This paper proposes an automation model of planning optimal sewerage rehabilitation strategies for the sewer system by integrating image process, clustering technology, optimization, and visualization display. Firstly, image processing techniques, such as wavelet transformation and co-occurrence features extraction, were employed to extract various characteristics of structural failures from CCTV inspection images. Secondly, a classification neural network was established to automatically interpret the structural conditions by comparing the extracted features with the typical failures in a databank. Then, to achieve optimal rehabilitation efficiency, a genetic algorithm was used to determine appropriate rehabilitation methods and substitution materials for the pipe sections with a risk of mal-function and even collapse. Finally, the result from the automation model can be visualized in a geographic information system in which essential information of the sewer system and sewerage rehabilitation plans are graphically displayed. For demonstration, the automation model of optimal sewerage rehabilitation planning was applied to a sewer system in east Taichung, Chinese Taiwan.     

Two-level optimal output feedback stabilizer design

Design of two-level system stabilizers is considered using an optimal reduced-order model whose state variables are torque angles and speeds. The reduced-order model retains their physical meaning and is used to design a two-level linear feedback controller that takes into account the realities and constraints of the electrical power systems. The two-level control strategy is used, and a global control signal is generated from the output variables to minimize the effect of interaction. The effectiveness of this controller is evaluated, and an example, the multimachine system, is given to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method. The responses of the system with the two-level scheme and optimal reduced order scheme are included for comparative analyses     

Kinetics of AuSn4 migration in lead-free solders

The relatively fast diffusion of Au atoms in eutectic PbSn matrix is considered one of the contributing factors to the Au embrittlement problem. In this study, we further investigated the Au embrittlement problem in high-Sn solders. Experimentally, Sn3.5Ag (wt.%) spheres with 500-μm diameter were soldered over the Au/Ni soldering pads. It was found that some of the AuSn₄ needles that formed after reflow inside the solder migrated back to the solder/pad interface during thermal aging. However, the migration kinetics in high-Sn solders was slower compared to that in eutectic PbSn. The difference in migration kinetics of AuSn₄ in eutectic PbSn and SnAg was ascribed to the difference in the magnitudes of the Au flux and the Ni flux. In eutectic PbSn, the Au flux was much greater than that of the Ni flux, and the Au and Ni flux were in the same order of magnitude in eutectic SnAg. The relative magnitude of the Au and Ni flux changed in eutectic PbSn and SnAg because the homologous temperatures of PbSn and SnAg were different.     

《石油沥青纸胎油毡》国家标准的修订

《石油沥青纸胎油毡》国家标准进行了第三次修订。本文介绍了修订的理由、修订的内容与依据，并与国内外同类产品标准进行了比较。     

Windows XP操作系统的应用技巧

介绍了Windows XP操作系统中一些应用技巧,对提高计算机的整体运行速度和工作稳定性有很大帮助.