A full-duplex radio-over-fiber system based on optical carrier suppression and reuse

We have experimentally demonstrated a full-duplex radio-over-fiber system using a single light source at central station (CS). Optical carrier suppression modulation scheme was employed to generate 40-GHz optical millimeter wave and up-convert the baseband signal simultaneously at CS for downlink transmission while the same optical carrier was reused at base station for uplink connection. The bidirectional full-duplex 2.5-Gb/s data was successfully transmitted over 40-km standard single-mode fiber (SMF-28) for both upstream and downstream channels with less than 2-dB power penalty. This system shows simple cost-efficient configuration and good performance over long-distance delivery.     

Relationship between Sierpinski gasket and Apollonian packing monopole antennas

A non-constant fractal ratio antenna dependent on the Descartes circle theorem is proposed. The multi-band performances with compound log-periodic behaviour of Apollonian packing monopole antennas are presented. For comparison, typical Sierpinski, modified Sierpinski and Apollonian packing monopole antennas are examined.     

自适应波束形成采样矩阵求逆算法的改进

采样矩阵求逆(SMI)算法是自适应算法中的一个分类。由于该算法需要知道接收信号的波达方向角度,因此属于非盲算法。在现有采样矩阵求逆算法的基础上进行了2项改进,提出了对协方差矩阵进行信号子空间分解再加权的方法,有效改善了输出期望信号的主瓣增益和输出信干噪比;同时针对传统SMI算法无法应用于相干信号源的情况做了进一步改进,通过对相干信号进行解相关,解决了这一问题。     

稀土镁合金的YAG激光快速熔凝研究

Mg及其合金由于密度低、加工性能好和比强度高而在轻金属中占有较大的比重.其差的耐蚀性成为其广泛应用的最大障碍.研究采用激光表面处理的办法对铸态的ZM2、ZM5和ZM6合金进行了提高耐蚀性和显微硬度的实验.实验采用500W Nd:YAG脉冲激光器进行重熔和快淬ZM2、ZM5和ZM6合金表面.对激光表面处理区的显微组织与原基材的组织采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜进行了对比观察.采用阳极动电位测试的办法对激光处理区和基材放在NaCl溶液中进行了耐蚀性表征,经激光处理后耐蚀性得到提高.     

Cognitive MANET Design for Mission-Critical Networks

For mobile ad hoc networks used in network-centric operations, there is a growing need for a systematic methodology for analyzing/predicting the performance of the network over the mission duration. With the advance in cognitive networking as a possible means of exploiting unused spectrum, there is now a growing need to study how to design a cognitive network using an automated methodology. In this article we study the concepts and challenges for automatic design/ reconfiguration of cognitive MANETs. We describe the design objectives, imposed constraints, and involved parameters in MANETs. We describe how cognitive techniques can be employed to exploit the unused spectrum in military architectures. We then discuss the challenges facing the design/reconfiguration of a cognitive network and their implications at different network layers. We also describe possible implementation options for designing MANETs that employ cognitive features at all layers.     

Bounded-Mean-Delay Throughput and Nonstarvation Conditions in Aloha Network

Prior investigations on the Aloha network have primarily focused on its system throughput. Good system throughput, however, does not automatically translate to good delay performance for the end users. Neither is fairness guaranteed: Some users may starve, while others hog the system. This paper establishes the conditions for bounded mean queuing delay and nonstarved operation of the slotted Aloha network. We focus on the performance when collisions of packets are resolved using an exponential backoff protocol. For a nonsaturated network, we find that bounded mean delay and nonstarved operation can be guaranteed only if the offered load is limited to below a quantity called "safe bounded mean-delay (SBMD) throughput." The SBMD throughput can be much lower than the saturation system throughput if the backoff factor r in the exponential backoff algorithm is not properly set. For example, it is well known that the maximum throughput of the Aloha network is e ^-1 = 0.3679. However, for r = 2, a value assumed in many prior investigations, the SBMD throughput is only 0.2158, a drastic penalty of 41% relative to 0.3679. Fortunately, using r = 1.3757 allows us to obtain an SBMD throughput of 0.3545, less than 4% away from 0.3679. A general conclusion is that the system parameters can significantly affect the delay and fairness performance of the Aloha network. This paper provides the analytical framework and expressions for tuning r and other system parameters to achieve good delay and nonstarved operation.     

A New Scheme to Determine the Weight Distributions of Binary Extended Quadratic Residue Codes

This letter proposes a novel scheme which consists of a weight-counting algorithm, the combinatorial designs of the Assmus-Mattson theorem, and the weight polynomial of Gleason?s theorem to determine the weight distributions of binary extended quadratic residue codes. As a consequence, the weight distributions of binary (138, 69, 22) and (168, 84, 24) extended quadratic residue codes are given.     

A Versatile Fluoro‐Containing Low‐Bandgap Polymer for Efficient Semitransparent and Tandem Polymer Solar Cells

The versatility of a fluoro‐containing low band‐gap polymer, poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b’]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐(5‐fluoro‐2,1,3‐benzothia‐diazole)] (PCPDTFBT) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) applications is demonstrated. High boiling point 1,3,5‐trichlorobenzene (TCB) is used as a solvent to manipulate PCPDTFBT:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C₇₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM) active layer morphology to obtain high‐performance single‐junction devices. It promotes the crystallization of PCPDTFBT polymer, thus improving the charge‐transport properties of the active layer. By combining the morphological manipulation with interfacial optimization and device engineering, the single‐junction device exhibits both good air stability and high power‐conversion efficiency (PCE, of 6.6%). This represents one of the highest PCE values for cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b’]dithiophene (CPDT)‐based OPVs. This polymer is also utilized for constructing semitransparent solar cells and double‐junction tandem solar cells to demonstrate high PCEs of 5.0% and 8.2%, respectively.     

A high‐performance switch architecture based on mesh of trees

With emergence of various new Internet‐enabled devices, such as tablet PCs or smart phones along with their own applications, the traffic growth rate is getting faster and faster these days and demands more communication bandwidth at even faster rate than before. To accommodate this ever‐increasing network traffic, even faster Internet routers are required. To respond for these needs, we propose a new mesh of trees based switch architecture, called MOTS(N) switch. In addition, we also propose two more variations of MOTS(N) to further improve it. MOTS(N) is inspired by crossbar with crosspoint buffers. It forms a binary tree for each output line, where each gridpoint buffer ? ? Because the fabric of MOTS(N) switch is not pure crossbar, we call the buffers in the same location in pure crossbar gridpoint buffers. Details will be presented in the following sections.
is a leaf node and each internal node is 2‐in 1‐out merge buffer § § 2‐in 1‐out merge buffer can accommodate two memory writes and one memory read simultaneously by using its modularized architecture 31 .
emulating FIFO queues. Because of this FIFO characteristic of internal buffers, MOTS(N) ensures QoS like FIFO output‐queued switch. The root node of the tree for each output line is the only component connected to the output port where each cell is transmitted to output port without any contention. To limit the number of buffers in MOTS(N) switch, we present one of its improved (practical) variations, IMOTS(N) switch, as well. For IMOTS(N) switch architecture, sizes of the buffers in the fabric are limited by a certain amount. As a downside of IMOTS(N), however, every cell should go through log ₂N + 1 number of buffers in the fabric to be transmitted to the designated output line. Therefore, for even further improvement, IMOTS(N) with cut‐through, denoted as IMOTS‐CT(N), is also proposed in this paper. In IMOTS‐CT(N) switch, the cells can cut through one or more empty buffers to be transferred from inputs to outputs with simple 1 or 2 bit signal exchanges between buffers. We analyze the throughput of MOTS(N), IMOTS(N), and IMOTS‐CT(N) switches and show that they can achieve 100% throughput under Bernoulli independent and identically distributed uniform traffic. Our quantitative simulation results validate the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Boosting Infrared Light Harvesting by Molecular Functionalization of Metal Oxide/Polymer Interfaces in Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells

Hybrid solar cells based on light absorbing semiconducting polymers infiltrated in nanocrystalline TiO₂ electrodes, have emerged as an attractive concept, combining benefits of both low material and processing costs with well controlled nano‐scale morphology. However, after over ten years of research effort, power conversion efficiencies remain around 0.5%. Here, a spectroscopic and device based investigation is presented, which leads to a new optimization route where by functionalization of the TiO₂ surface with a molecular electron acceptor promotes photoinduced electron transfer from a low‐band gap polymer(poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b0]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadia‐zole)] (PCPDTBT) to the metal oxide. This boosts the infrared response and the power conversion efficiency to over 1%. As a further step, by “co‐functionalizing” the TiO₂ surface with the electron acceptor and an organic dye‐sensitizer, panchromatic spectral photoresponse is achieved in the visible to near‐IR region. This novel architecture at the heterojunction opens new material design possibilities and represents an exciting route forward for hybrid photovoltaics.