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81.
Christine Di Massimo Paul A. Lant Aidan Saunders Gary A. Montague Ming T. Tham A. Julian Morris 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1992,53(3):265-277
The last decade has seen the development of a number of approaches for estimating those variables which are difficult to measure on-line in industrial process situations. Whilst a range of techniques is available, a common element is the use of process knowledge in the form of a system model. In the case of bioprocess systems, although a large range of models has been presented in the literature, their use in estimation schemes on an industrial scale has been limited. A number of reasons can be identified for their low level of utilisation. Of particular significance is the uncertainty which exists in quantifying system performance and the process-model mismatch which inevitably results. The level of ‘pre-defined model’ uncertainty, together with the knowledge gained during the course of the fermentation, serves to dictate estimator structure. The paper considers a range of estimation strategies and contrasts, through industrial applications, their performance characteristics and utility. 相似文献
82.
BaTiO3 multilayer capacitors with a nominal capacitance of 3.5nF have been carefully measured using the thermally stimulated current (TSC) technique. When a 300V polarization voltage is applied at room temperature, a new TSC peak appeared in defective sample A after it has been immersed in water. No new peak was found in good-quality sample B after a similar treatment. The accelerated life test shows that sample A hasa much shorter life than sample B in terms of insulation resistance. 相似文献
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The effects of α‐form and β‐form nuclei on polymorphic morphology of poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) upon recrystallization from the molten state up to various Tmax values were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). In this study, PBA with complex melting and polymorphism behaviour was used as a model for examining different types and extents of residual nuclei. As the PBA initially containing the sole α‐crystal was brought to a molten state of various Tmax, the extents of trace α‐form crystal nuclei varied and were dependent on Tmax. Furthermore, it did not matter whether, initially, the PBA contained α‐ or β‐form crystals (or both) because only a single type of α‐nuclei could be left upon treatment to the molten liquid state at Tmax. Therefore, only the α‐crystal in PBA had ‘memory capacity’ in the molten liquid state while the β‐crystal did not. This was so because the latter had been completely transformed into the solid state prior to being heated into a liquid. PBA crystallized before α‐nuclei could be packed into α‐crystal, regardless of the crystallization temperature (Tc). For recrystallization from molten PBA without any nuclei, the crystalline polymorphism was correspondingly influenced by Tc. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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自治Agents的面向服务的协商模型 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
提出了一个基于自治Agents的面向服务的协商模型。模型主要包括两大模块:首先定义了一系列的战略和战术过程,使得Agents可以产生初始建议,评价对方的建议,以及在此基础上做出反建议;其次,定义了两个层次的Agent通信机制。二者相辅相成,实现了Agents间合作的动态形成和随机协调,使得Agents可以承担因环境的不确定性而需动态协作的复杂任务。 相似文献
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MX345芯片用于产生模拟信令—CTCSS单音.本文在介绍MX345编码/解码器工作原理的基础上,设计出MX345芯片与单片机的接口电路.最后给出控制软件. 相似文献
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以δ-FeOOH为前驱体,用氨水调节溶液的pH值,分别采用(1)90℃水浴加热动态转化、(2)沸腾回流动态转化,(3)90℃静态转化及(4)200℃水热法四种方法合成了锰锌铁氧体纳米粉体.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)等方法对粉体进行了表征,对四种液相法制备的锰锌铁氧体纳米粉体的结构和性能等进行了对比和分析.结果表明,四种方法中沸腾回流相转化法得到的产物具有磁性能较好、形状较规则、粒径可控等优点. 相似文献