基于多端口能量路由器的多能互补系统研究与测试

针对旅游旺季期间某地区负荷出现较严重的过载现象,且当地可再生能源存在功率波动较大、难以消纳的问题,依托云南省某配电网智能化改造升级示范项目,研制了一套多能(含小水电、光伏、储能)、多端口的能量路由器装置及其能量管理系统,并对基于多端口能量路由器的多能互补系统进行了研究与测试.首先对多端口能量路由器的拓扑结构和技术参数进行了介绍;其次对能量管理系统的功能进行了阐述;最后在对各端口分别进行调试后,进行全端口联合运行功能测试.测试结果表明,各端口能分别正常运行,全端口联合运行功能正常,能有效平抑直流母线电压波动,实现上层功率指令跟踪,同时在大功率运行状态下,输出波形畸变率较低,效率基本满足要求,能用于解决当地负荷过载问题,实现能量的合理配置与利用.     

反射隔热型涂料在高原山区混凝土桥梁上的应用

采用二氧化钛、玻璃微珠、黑色空心陶瓷微珠、环氧树脂与复配固化剂制得灰色太阳热反射隔热型防护涂料,并在云南(属低纬度、高海拔地区)元磨高速公路普洱段K331+814混凝土桥梁上进行实际工程验证,总结了施工工艺流程,验证了其降温效果.该涂料可有效避免日温差大而导致桥梁出现裂缝、耐久性降低的问题.     

基于旋转块的BM3D图像去噪改进算法

针对经典BM3D去噪算法中存在的相似块匹配误差较大及对图像细节保护不足的问题,提出了一种基于旋转块的BM3D图像去噪改进算法.新算法首先对参考块进行不同角度的旋转获取旋转块,通过旋转块进行相似块匹配过程;然后使用低秩正则化来代替传统算法中的硬阈值滤波;最后,对结合旋转块匹配与低秩正则化的BM3D算法进行自适应调整,从而改善在均匀图像区域中的去噪效果.实验结果表明,新算法的相似块匹配程度更高,峰值信噪比相较于经典算法平均提升0.5 dB,有效保留图像边缘和纹理细节.     

激光异物清理系统的光束发射系统设计

高压电网长距离传输线路经常飘落缠绕风筝塑料等异物需要及时清理,而人工异物清除方法存在较大安全隐患。激光具有发散角小、方向性高、高亮度的特点,是远距离非接触式电网异物清除的有效手段。为此在实验室搭建激光毁伤测试系统,测量典型电网异物清除阈值,依据测量结果设计了一种适用于户外使用的固定焦距光束发射系统,系统由3片分离式球面镜片组成,成像质量达到衍射极限,结构简单紧凑,长度仅有272 mm,重量小于48 g。根据设计结果,通过优化设计光源到透镜的距离,可实现系统在20~200 m工作距离调整。最终,采用物理光学传播功能模拟系统实际的使用情况,系统在发射基模高斯光束时,在各工作距离下光斑直径均小于9 mm,达到异物清除阈值,可实现对各类电网异物的有效清除。     

基于有限元方法的CeCl3和NdCl3在LiCl-KCl熔盐中的电极动力学模拟

充分理解锕系元素和镧系元素在熔盐中的行为和性质是实现反应堆乏燃料熔盐电解后处理的关键,然而熔盐电解实验所需的高温环境、腐蚀性熔盐甚至放射性物质等条件限制了实验的广泛开展。为寻求一种低成本且可靠的获取元素在熔盐中性质的途径,采用有限元方法在不同温度下模拟了不同浓度的三氯化铈和三氯化钕在LiCl-KCl熔盐中的循环伏安曲线,并与实验数据做了对比。结果表明,有限元方法能够较为准确地反映实际电化学过程,继而为乏燃料熔盐电解后处理提供数据支持。     

Genome-Wide Analysis Identified a Set of Conserved lncRNAs Associated with Domestication-Related Traits in Rice

Crop domestication, which gives rise to a number of desirable agronomic traits, represents a typical model system of plant evolution. Numerous genomic evidence has proven that noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs and phasiRNAs, as well as protein-coding genes, are selected during crop domestication. However, limited data shows plant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are also involved in this biological process. In this study, we performed strand-specific RNA sequencing of cultivated rice Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and O. sativa ssp. indica, and their wild progenitor O. rufipogon. We identified a total of 8528 lncRNAs, including 4072 lncRNAs in O. rufipogon, 2091 lncRNAs in japonica rice, and 2365 lncRNAs in indica rice. The lncRNAs expressed in wild rice were revealed to be shorter in length and had fewer exon numbers when compared with lncRNAs from cultivated rice. We also identified a number of conserved lncRNAs in the wild and cultivated rice. The functional study demonstrated that several of these conserved lncRNAs are associated with domestication-related traits in rice. Our findings revealed the feature and conservation of lncRNAs during rice domestication and will further promote functional studies of lncRNAs in rice.     

Robust Superhydrophobic Fabric for Durability,Self-Cleaning,and Oil/Water Separation via Thiol–Acrylate Polymerization

In recent years, highly efficient oil/water separation materials have brought much attention. It requests superhydrophobic surfaces with a rapid and facile separation process, excellent durability, and large-scale fabrication. Herein, a facile vapor-liquid sol-gel, and free radical polymerization reaction method to prepare the durable and robust superhydrophobic cotton fabric is proposed. Moreover, the fabric can be used for highly efficient and various oil/water separation. It is prepared via a simple two-step process, including a vapor-liquid sol-gel process to deposit with thiols particles, and then followed a free radical polymerization reaction to graft 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry prove that the rough structures are generated from the hydrolysis condensation reaction between tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane. As a result, the synthetic chemical composition provided by the natural fabric and silica nanoparticles synergistically construct a superhydrophobic surface with water contact angles and shedding angle of 158° and 9°, respectively. Additionally, the treated fabric exhibits excellent chemical resistance and self-cleaning ability. Remarkably, the fabric still retains superhydrophobic and excellent mechanical robustness after 30 cycles of various oil/water separation. In summary, the resultant fabrics with excellent chemical resistance, remarkable mechanical robustness, and versatile separation abilities have potential applications in various oil/water separations.     

Synergistic Effect of PVDF-Coated PCL-TCP Scaffolds and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Osteogenesis

Bone exhibits piezoelectric properties. Thus, electrical stimulations such as pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and stimuli-responsive piezoelectric properties of scaffolds have been investigated separately to evaluate their efficacy in supporting osteogenesis. However, current understanding of cells responding under the combined influence of PEMF and piezoelectric properties in scaffolds is still lacking. Therefore, in this study, we fabricated piezoelectric scaffolds by functionalization of polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP) films with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coating that is self-polarized by a modified breath-figure technique. The osteoinductive properties of these PVDF-coated PCL-TCP films on MC3T3-E1 cells were studied under the stimulation of PEMF. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric characterization demonstrated that scaffolds with piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ = −1.2 pC/N were obtained at a powder dissolution temperature of 100 °C and coating relative humidity (RH) of 56%. DNA quantification showed that cell proliferation was significantly enhanced by PEMF as low as 0.6 mT and 50 Hz. Hydroxyapatite staining showed that cell mineralization was significantly enhanced by incorporation of PVDF coating. Gene expression study showed that the combination of PEMF and PVDF coating promoted late osteogenic gene expression marker most significantly. Collectively, our results suggest that the synergistic effects of PEMF and piezoelectric scaffolds on osteogenesis provide a promising alternative strategy for electrically augmented osteoinduction. The piezoelectric response of PVDF by PEMF, which could provide mechanical strain, is particularly interesting as it could deliver local mechanical stimulation to osteogenic cells using PEMF.