时空连续统中的颜色和显示

一种在空间域和时间域进行混色处理的合成显示颜色的新方法，能提高图像质量，改善彩色显示器的性能。     

Product property and production rate control of styrene polymerization

A multivariable multi-rate nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) strategy is applied to styrene polymerization. The NMPC algorithm incorporates a multi-rate Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to handle state variable and parameter estimation. A fundamental model is developed for the styrene polymerization CSTR, and control of polymer properties such as number average molecular weight (NAMW) and polydispersity is considered. These properties characterize the final polymer distribution and are strong indicators of the polymer qualities of interest. Production rate control is also demonstrated. Temperature measurements are available frequently while laboratory measurements of concentration and molecular weight distribution are available infrequently with substantial time delays between sampling and analysis. Observability analysis of the augmented system provides guidelines for the design of the augmented disturbance model for use in estimation using the multi-rate EKF. The observability analysis links measurement sets and corresponding observable disturbance models, and shows that measurements of moments of the polymer distribution are essential for good estimation and control. The CSTR is operated at an open-loop unstable steady state. Control simulations are performed under conditions of plant-model structural mismatch and in the presence of parameter uncertainty and disturbances, and the proposed multi-rate NMPC algorithm is shown to provide superior performance compared to linear multi-rate and nonlinear single-rate MPC algorithms. The major contributions of this work are the development of the multi-rate estimator and the measurement design study based on the observability analysis.     

THE RULES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT

You can't control people. It's never too early to plan. Project management and control must be built in, not added on. These are just a few of the 18 rules one project manager (a father) passes along in a letter to a new project manager (his daughter) so that she can better prepare, plan, and manage her organization's software projects.     

Comparison of epirubicin and doxorubicin cardiotoxicity induced by low doses: evolution of the diastolic and systolic parameters studied by radionuclide angiography

This article reports on the effect of dietary modification on changes in eating patterns and serum lipids among hypercholesterolemic persons aged 40-59 years with no evidence of coronary heart disease in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, between 1995 and 1996. A total of 381 persons with total cholesterol levels > or = 240 mg/dl and triglyceride levels < 400 mg/dl were educated, counseled, and followed-up by the mobile health team at the health centres in the communities. The team comprised both hospital personnel (a physician, a health educator, and public health nurses) and the health centre workers. Of the 381 study persons, 331 (86.9%) completed the one-year follow-up. The participants at one-year follow-up were more likely than at baseline to reduce intakes of dietary fat and cholesterol, whereas, there was an increased intake of vegetables and fruits. The mean total cholesterol level significantly decreased from 258.9 mg/dl at baseline to 236.1 mg/dl at one-year follow-up (p < 0.01), giving an 8.8 per cent reduction. The mean change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was a 26.0 mg/dl decrease (p < 0.01), yielding a 15.1 per cent fall. The mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased from 44.6 mg/dl at baseline to 46.8 mg/dl at one-year follow-up (p < 0.01). The proportion of those who had a body mass index of < 25 slightly increased from 70.7 per cent at baseline to 72.5 per cent at one-year follow-up. The dietary intervention program by the mobile team may be useful for lowering serum cholesterol among the rural population with hypercholesterolemia.     

Specificity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serralysin revisited, using biologically active peptides as substrates

The characterization of the specificity of alkaline protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has not yet been clearly defined. Some previous results suggested that its specificity was influenced more by amino acids far from the hydrolyzed peptide bond, than by amino acids in P1 or P'1 position. From other data, it was a C-(COOH)-type endoprotease where the preferential amino acid in P1 position was an arginine residue. We have studied the hydrolysis of several biologically active peptides. Many various sites of cleavage have been characterized but no arginine in P1 position was found, despite the presence of arginine in the peptide sequence. In fact P1 and P'1 position could be occupied by various amino acids. It seems unlikely that Pseudomonas alkaline protease may only be considered as a protease specific to arginine in P1 position. On the other hand, we have observed that increase of the peptide chain length led to an important increase of the hydrolysis rate, suggesting an extended number of subsites.     

IAP-family protein survivin inhibits caspase activity and apoptosis induced by Fas (CD95), Bax, caspases, and anticancer drugs

Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. We investigated the antiapoptotic mechanism of Survivin, as well as its expression in 60 human tumor cell lines used for the National Cancer Institute's anticancer drug screening program. In cotransfection experiments, cell death induced by Bax or Fas (CD 95) was partially inhibited (mean +/- SD, 65% +/- 8%) by Survivin, whereas XIAP, another IAP family member, almost completely blocked cell death (93% +/- 4%) under the same conditions. Survivin and XIAP also protected 293 cells from apoptosis induced by overexpression of procaspase-3 and -7 and inhibited the processing of these zymogens into active caspases. In vitro binding experiments indicated that, like other IAP-family proteins, Survivin binds specifically to the terminal effector cell death proteases, caspase-3 and -7, but not to the proximal initiator protease caspase-8. Using a cell-free system in which cytosolic extracts were derived from control- or Survivin-transfected cells and where caspases were activated either by addition of cytochrome c and dATP or by adding recombinant active caspase-8, Survivin was able to substantially reduce caspase activity, as measured by cleavage of a tetrapeptide substrate, AspGluValAsp-aminofluorocoumarin. Similar results were obtained in intact cells when Survivin was overexpressed by gene transfection and caspase activation was induced by the anticancer drug etoposide. Survivin was expressed in all 60 cancer cell lines analyzed, with highest levels in breast and lung cancers and lowest levels in renal cancers. These findings indicate that Survivin, which is commonly expressed in human tumor cell lines, can bind the effector cell death proteases caspase-3 and -7 in vitro and inhibits caspase activity and cell death in cells exposed to diverse apoptotic stimuli. Although quantitative differences may exist, these observations suggest commonality in the mechanisms used by IAP-family proteins to suppress apoptosis.     

Beobachtungen zur Oberflächenveränderung durch-Erosion und Kavitation

Observations of the effect on surfaces of “erosion and cavitation” With the cavitation of material due to liquids, the meterial is damaged by blowholes. In addition, observations on highgloss polished pure metals, tested in H. Schröter's and O. Walchner's flow apparatus with weir and counter-weir, occasionally showed damage caused by small particles of solids entrained by the liquid. In order to simulate mechanical damage by small particles, steel shot of different edge lengths was entrained with the liquid so as to bit the surface of the specimen. The results were lines of sliding in the case of Armco iron and mechanical twinning in the case of zine. An energy comparison is then carried out between the entrained solid particles and the blowhole. Solid particles with a maximum energy content theoretically equal to the minimum energy content of a blowhole are able to cause a plastic deformation of the surfaces of materials within minute zones, whilst blowholes with equal energy content obviously do not cause any mechanical damage. This indicates the need, with metallographic investigations into initial damage by flow cavitation, to ensure adequate filtering of the test medium so as to preclude the possibility of sand erosion.     

The melting pressure of helium-3 at very low temperatures

The melting pressure of³ He at very low temperatures was shown earlier to be determined overwhelmingly by the solid phase. Using an extended solid³He model based on isotropic effective first-neighbor-pair antiferromagnetic and second-neighbor-pair ferromagnetic exchange interactions, the melting process is reinvestigated here. One of its motivating aspects may be said to be tied to its possible use, suggested by us earlier, for the establishment of a thermodynamic temperature scale at very low temperatures. As a consequence of the assumed multineighbor interactions, spin ordering is accelerated and, at the same temperature, the extended-model solid entropy falls below that of the simpler nearest-neighbor-pair interaction model. Equivalently, the spinordering critical transition temperature is raised over that associated with the simpler interaction scheme. The overall result is a decrease in the melting pressure variations at very low temperatures below those arising from the simple solid model. In the absence of a reliable experimental temperature scale at very low temperatures, only a qualified and cursory comparison is justified with recent experimentally estimated melting pressures. Discrepancies arise between theory and preliminary data on the temperature derivatives of the melting pressure or the entropy of the solid at melting. They might be due in part to the tentative experimental temperatures, which appear shifted toward too low temperatures when compared with the theoretical temperature scale implicit in the treatment of the generalized solid model. However, from the viewpoint which accepts the rather preliminary, scarce, very low temperature melting pressure data at face value, failure of the extended exchange model of solid³He at those temperatures must be kept in mind.Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.     

Follow-up study of maladapting school children seen by nonprofessionals.

Examined whether children, seen 2-5 yr. earlier by nonprofessional child aides for school maladaptation problems, maintained short-term gains over time. Follow-up interviews, exploring the child's subsequent educational and interpersonal career, were held with mothers of 36 such children. Both mothers and interviewers independently rated change over the intervening time period along 9 salient educational and interpersonal dimensions. Ratings of the 2 groups were in substantial agreement. Both judged significant educational and interpersonal growth to have occurred. (15 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)