Experiments and reaction characteristics of liquid phase simultaneous removal of SO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and NO

Experiments of simultaneous removal of SO₂ and NO from simulated flue gas, using NaClO₂ solution as the absorbent, were carried out in a self-designed bubble reactor, and high simultaneous removal efficiencies of SO₂ and NO were obtained under the optimal experimental conditions. The mechanism of simultaneous removal based on NaClO₂ acid solutions was proposed by analyzing the removal products. Possibility and limitation of the desulfurization and denitrification using NaClO₂ acid solutions were calculated by thermodynamic methods. Experimental results of reaction kinetics for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification indicated that the oxidation-absorption processes of SO₂ and NO were divided into two zones, namely the fast and slow reaction zones. In the slow reaction zones both were zero order reactions, and in the fast reaction zones, the reaction order, rate constant and activation energy of SO₂ reaction with absorbent were 1.4, 1.22 (mol·L⁻¹)^−0.4·s⁻¹ and 66.25 kJ·mol⁻¹, respectively, and 2, 3.15×10³ (mol·L⁻¹) ⁻¹·s⁻¹, and 42.50 kJ·mol⁻¹ for NO reaction, respectively. Supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (“863” Project) (Grant No. 2007AA061803)     

Restraint of mid-spatial frequency error in magneto-rheological finishing (MRF) process by maximum entropy method

In order to restrain the mid-spatial frequency error in magnetorheological finishing (MRF) process, a novel part-random path is designed based on the theory of maximum entropy method (MEM). Using KDMRF-1000F polishing machine, one flat work piece (98 mm in diameter) is polished. The mid-spatial frequency error in the region using part-random path is much lower than that by using common raster path. After one MRF iteration (7.46 min), peak-to-valley (PV) is 0.062 wave (1 wave =632.8 nm), root-mean-square (RM...     

Effects of irrigation efficiency on chemical transport processes

Irrigation practices greatly affect sustainable agriculture development. In this study, we investigated the effects of irrigation efficiency on water flow and chemical transport in soils, which had significant impact on the environment. Field dye staining experiments were conducted at different soils with various irrigation amount. Image analysis was conducted to study the heterogeneous flow patterns and their relationships with the irrigation efficiency. Irrigation efficiency and its environmental effects were evaluated using various indictors, including application efficiency, deep percolation ratio, storage efficiency, and uniformity. Under the same irrigation condition, soil chemical distributions were more heterogeneous than soil water distributions. The distributions were mainly affected by soil texture, initial soil water content, and irrigation amount. Storage efficiency, irrigation uniformity, and deep percolation ratio increased with irrigation amount. Since the chemical distribution uniformity was lower than the water uniformity, the amount of chemical leaching increased sharply with decrease of irrigation uniformity, which resulted in high environmental risks of groundwater pollution.     

纯电动汽车经济性比较与分析

对纯电动汽车和传统燃油汽车进行全寿命周期成本的比较和分析,并通过敏感性分析找出影响纯电动汽车成本的关键因素,直观地反映纯电动汽车经济性的优势与不足,分析结果表明,对纯电动汽车的研究开发和推广应用具有指导意义.     

支持MPLS流量工程的选播路由

对选播服务的网络负载均衡做了研究,提出一种支持多协议标签交换（MPLS）流量工程的选播路由算法（ART）．ART基于最小冲突路由机制,通过MPLS约束路由的标记分发协议（CR LDP）建立1条从选播服务器到客户方向的标记交换路径（LSP）,并预留带宽资源．仿真结果表明,ART能平衡网络的负载,在选播服务中实现网络资源的优化利用,并且在传输服务数据流时,能减少时延及数据包的丢失．     

Continuous ultrasonic devulcanization of unfilled butyl rubber

The devulcanization of resin‐cured unfilled butyl rubber with a grooved‐barrel ultrasonic reactor under various processing conditions was carried out. The experiments indicated that, because of the lower unsaturation and good thermal stability of butyl rubber, its devulcanization could be successfully accomplished only under severe ultrasonic‐treatment conditions. Gel permeation chromatography measurements were carried out for the virgin gum and sol part of devulcanized samples to study the changes in the rubber network during the devulcanization process. The obtained data showed a significant molecular weight reduction and a broadening of the molecular weight distribution upon devulcanization, which indicated that the devulcanization and degradation of butyl rubber occurred simultaneously. The rheological properties showed that devulcanized butyl rubber was more elastic than the virgin gum. The vulcanizates of the devulcanized butyl rubber showed mechanical properties comparable to those of the virgin vulcanizate. The thermal behaviors of the virgin and devulcanized butyl rubber were different and were correlated to the double‐bond content. The structural characteristics of the devulcanized butyl rubber were simulated with the Dobson–Gordon theory of rubber network statistics. A fairly good agreement between the experimental data and theoretical prediction was achieved. The simulation of devulcanized butyl rubber indicated that the rate of crosslink rupture was much higher than that of the main chain. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1316–1325, 2004     

智能电子商务框架模型的研究

本文探讨了Internet上电子商务的概念，在传统电子商务应用框架模型的基础上，充分考虑到大型电子商务系统的开放性、商家信息的分布性和更新性的特点，提出了一种智能电子商务框架模型。为电子商务系统在智能化，优化方面开拓了新的思路。     

表面活性剂辅助水热法中TiO2的形状控制

By hydrolysing titanium isopropoxide in a long hydrocarbon chain surfactant-containing solution, TiO2 fine particles with a diversity of well-defined morphologies was synthesized in this study by a hydrothermal route. The structural change during the formation process was monitored by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. TiO2 with various morphologies such as particle, sheet, rod, tube and flower-like shape was obtained by carefully controlling the preparation conditions. The experimental results show that the pH value is crucial for shape control of the produced TiO2 because it can change the charge state of the surfactant in the solution and the adsorption potential of the surfactant on the TiO2 surface. The shape evolvement of anatase TiO2 was elucidated by quenching the reaction at different stage and the formation mechanism of different shaped TiO2 was suggested.     

仿土质专用肥的开发和应用前景

本文介绍了基于某些名、优农产品在其生长过程中所需要的特定敏感元素,配制出“仿土质”专用肥。经施用证明,肥效显著,经济效益可观,具有推广应用的前景。     

Synthesis and photoconductivity study of phthalocyanine polymers. I. PAA–CuPc(NO2)2

Cu–dinitro–diamino phthalocyanine was synthesized and converted to the diazonium salt. Polyacrylamide bonded CuPc(NO₂)₂ [PAA–CuPc(NO₂)₂] (I) was synthesized by hot polymerization of acrylamide and this diazonium salt. Polymer(I) is water soluble and contains about 7 mol % CuPc(NO₂)₂ rings, which are covalently bonded to PAA. Polymer(I) shows good photoconductivity, which is much better than that of the corresponding phthalocyanine monomers. By doping with iodine (I₂), the photosensitivity of polymer(I) is increased, which through fluorescence analysis is explained by the fact that a charge–transfer complex (CTC) of polymer(I) with I₂ is formed. The influence of interface layer (IFL) and charge–transportation material (CTM) on the photoconductivity of polymer(I) were also studied.