微型直接甲醇燃料电池的研究进展

介绍了微型直接甲醇燃料电池(μDMFC)用膜电极组件(MEA)的特殊改性,以克服燃料和氧化物低流通性及阴极结构性水淹的问题;介绍了μDMFC的原料储存供应、集电板加工和堆体设计的进展;对μDMFC的发展和改进进行了展望.     

嵌入式GIS中矢量数据的快速显示方法研究

嵌入式GIS是近年来一个蓬勃兴起的领域,由于嵌入式设备内存小,外设容量小,CPU的运算能力较弱,致使电子地图显示时常出现延迟和抖动的现象。本文针对嵌入式GIS海量矢量数据,提出了一种改进的多层网格索引技术对矢量数据进行检索,在矢量数据的显示方面,本文采用了双缓存显示机制代替了系统默认的显示机制,主缓存用于数据的显示,备用缓存用于组织下一个画面的数据,如此提高显示效率。     

Antimicrobial resistance and molecular subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from retail meats

Campylobacter isolates (n = 297; 202 C. jejuni and 95 C. coli isolates) recovered from 2,513 retail meat samples (chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, and pork chops) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. The isolates were further analyzed for genetic relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI and KpnI restriction enzymes, and a subset of isolates (n = 174) were subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The resistance most frequently observed was that to doxycycline (27.6%), followed by ciprofloxacin (13.8%) and erythromycin (6.4%). All isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and meropenem. C. coli showed higher resistance to doxycycline than did C. jejuni (42.1 versus 20.8%) and lower resistance to ciprofloxacin than did C. jejuni (10.5 versus 15.3%). Erythromycin resistance was only observed in C. coli. PFGE using SmaI plus KpnI digestion generated 168 clusters from 297 isolates: 115 from C. jejuni and 53 from C. coli. MLST revealed 44 sequence types (STs) under 10 clonal complexes from 120 C. jejuni and 27 STs under two clonal complexes from 54 C. coli. There was a positive association between PFGE and STs; however, PFGE showed greater discriminatory power than MLST. Subtyping data did not correlate with antimicrobial resistance phenotypes.     

Adsorption of organophosphates into microporous and mesoporous NaX zeolites and subsequent chemistry

Due to the neurotoxicity of organophosphate (OP) pesticides and nerve agents synthesized as military or terror agents, their safe destruction and disposal is of considerable current importance. A representative OP, trimethyl phosphate (TMP), was adsorbed onto NaX zeolite, two mesoporous modifications, and a low-silica X zeolite. The nucleophilic chemical reactions of TMP with the zeolites were investigated by solid-state 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the solvent extracts by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR. Nucleophilic substitution and subsequent hydrolysis reaction schemes are proposed. All of the zeolites have similar TMP decomposition yields, supporting the hypothesis that slow or incomplete diffusion of TMP in the microporous zeolite regions limits TMP decomposition.     

Concentration and bioaccumulation of dechlorane compounds in coastal environment of northern China

Dechloranes, including Dechlorane Plus (DP), Mirex (Dechlorane), Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602), Dechlorane 603 (Dec 603), and Dechlorane 604 (Dec 604), were determined using GC-MSD for water, sediment and oyster samples collected at 15 sampling sites near the Bohai and Huanghai Sea shore area of northern China in 2008. DP and Mirex were detected in most water, sediment, and oyster samples, which indicated widespread distribution of these two compounds. The mean concentrations in water, sediment and oyster samples, respectively, were 1.8 ng/L, 2.9 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 4.1 ng/g wet weight (ww) for total DP, and 0.29 ng/L, 0.90 ng/g dw, and 2.0 ng/g ww for Mirex. Dec 602 and Dec 603 were not detected in water but in small portions of the sediment and oyster samples, showing a low level of contamination by these two chemicals in the region. Strong and significant correlations were found between total DP and Mirex concentrations in water, sediment and oyster samples, probably suggesting similar local sources of these two chemicals. Dec 604 was not found in any samples. The biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of DP, Mirex, and Dec 602 declined along with the increase of their logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kow), possibly indicating that compounds with lower log Kow (like Mirex and Dec 602) accumulated more readily in biota. The mean fractional abundance of syn-DP (fsyn) was 0.34 in water samples, a value lower than that in Chinese commercial mixture (0.41), while the mean fsyn for surface sediment (0.44) and oyster (0.45) samples were higher than technical values. Enrichment of syn-DP in oyster was in agreement with previously reported findings in Great Lakes fish. Enrichment of syn-DP in marine surface sediments, however, is contrary to data reported for fresh water sediments. To our knowledge this is the first report of Dec 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604 in a marine environment and also the first report of Dechloranes in marine biota.     

Proteomic analysis of responses of a new probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus casei Zhang to low acid stress

Tolerance to acid is an important feature for probiotic bacteria during transition through the gastrointestinal tract. Proteomics analysis of a new probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus casei Zhang, was performed upon 30-min exposure to low acid stress (pH 2.5 vs. pH 6.4) using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Out of 33 protein spots that showed changes of expression between the two pHs, 22 showed 1.5-fold higher expression at pH 2.5 than at pH 6.4, whereas five spots had expression decreased by 1.5-fold at pH 2.5. There were also six protein spots that were exclusively present on different pH maps. Further analysis showed that eight of the enhanced proteins, NagA, NagB, PGM, GlmM, LacC, TDP, GALM and PtsI, were involved in carbohydrate catabolism. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of dnaK, nagB, galm, estC, tuf and luxS were consistent with changes in protein expression. We postulate that there might be some relationship between differentially expressed proteins and acid tolerance in L. casei Zhang.     

乳酸菌纯种发酵辣椒酱工艺研究

乳酸菌纯种发酵辣椒酱的最优生产工艺：接种量为5％、发酵温度35℃、发酵时间48h、菌种配比Lact．1：Lact．2为2：1。纯菌种发酵的辣椒过程中亚硝酸盐含量最高值仅为0．637mg／kg,而自然发酵时可达6．874mg／kg。     

响应曲面法优化黑莓叶中总黄酮的提取工艺

目的:采用实验设计确定影响黑莓叶中总黄酮提取的显著因素,优化提取工艺条件.方法:在单因素试验基础上,采用析因设计筛选提取条件关键因子;通过中心组合设计和响应面分析,建立自变量的数学模型,确定关键因子的水平.结果:超声波功率、时间和液料比对实验响应值有显著影响,优化的提取工艺条件是:微波功率757.8W、作用时间5.8 rin、液料比118.1.在此条件下提取的黑莓叶中总黄酮含量为21.96 mg/g.结论:所建回归模型能很好地预测黑莓叶中总黄酮的提取工艺.     

碳纤维复合材料在体育器材上的应用

碳纤维及其复合材料不仅在航天航空、汽车及其他工业领域得到广泛应用,而且也是体育器材开发最好的选材之一。介绍碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)应用在体育器材方面的优势以及成型工艺。通过典型实例阐述碳纤维这种高新技术材料运用于比赛器械,极大地推动了体育运动成绩的提高。碳纤维及其复合材料已成为发展现代体育器材必不可少的新材料之一。     

应用膜分离技术改进泰乐菌素提取工艺

应用超滤-纳滤组合膜分离技术对泰乐菌素发酵液进行提纯和浓缩,以取代原有的板框过滤。对不同材料、截留分子量的超滤和纳滤膜的筛选结果表明,超滤膜宜采用PES-150聚醚砜膜,纳滤膜宜采用聚酰胺复合纳滤膜DL 2540。发酵液采用硅藻土预处理,且超滤过程恒容累积加水250L,能提高82%的膜通量,此时泰乐菌素的收率达97%。发酵液超滤液与原板框滤液的泰乐菌素组分纯度基本一致,但超滤液萃取效果更好,萃取收率提高了20%～26%。DL 2540纳滤膜对超滤液进行3.5倍浓缩,平均通量可达41.3 L/(m2.h),通过纳滤收率可达99%,纳滤浓缩液萃取无乳化现象,所得萃取液的色度也较低。