核电站一回路主承压设备的工作条件及其焊接的质量控制

介绍了核电站一回路主承压设备的工作条件、设计理念和工况对用于制造一回路主承压设备的材料的性能要求,如常温和高温力学性能、耐蚀性能、吸收界面和感生放射性、辐射条件下的性能稳定性和力学加工性能,并从事前控制、事中控制和事后控制三个方面阐述了一回路主承压设备在制造过程中的焊接质量保证与控制措施.     

Perspectives on exfoliated two-dimensional spintronics

Magnetic orderings, i.e., the spontaneous alignment of electron spins below a critical temperature, have been playing key roles in modern science and technologies for both the wide applications of magnetic recording for information storage and the vibrant potential of solid state electronic spin devices (also known as spintronics) for logic operations. In the past decades, thanks to the development of thin film technologies, magnetic thin films via sputtering or epitaxial growth have made the spintronic devices possible at the industrial scale. Yet thinner materials at lower costs with more versatile functionalities are highly desirable for advancing future spintronics. Recently, van der Waals magnetic materials, a family of magnets that can in principle be exfoliated down to the monolayer limit, seem to have brought tremendous opportunities: new generation van der Waals spintronic devices can be seamlessly assembled with possible applications such as optoelectronics, flexible electronics, and etc. Moreover, those exfoliated spintronic devices can potentially be compatible with the famed metal-oxide field effect transistor architectures, allowing the harness of spin performances through the knob of an electrostatic field.     

自建气动阀式微米按需液滴喷射系统及对细胞活性的影响

为了提升气动阀控微液滴产生系统的液滴产生频率,研究了腔体结构和电磁阀控制对系统最高稳定液滴产生频率的影响.该系统主要部件包括腔体、腔体底部微米直径喷嘴、以高速电磁阀和放气管为核心的气路,以及液滴拍照装置.该系统利用高速电磁阀短暂导通在储液腔内产生气体压强脉冲,迫使储液腔内液体从喷嘴喷出,形成微液滴;气体随后经放气管排出,恢复储液腔内气压平衡.研究发现,缩小储液腔体体积和缩小电磁阀开启电压脉冲宽度,可以大幅度提高该系统最高稳定液滴产生频率.基于优化后的微液滴产生系统,研究了不同液滴产生频率下液滴速度.液滴初速度具有随液滴产生频率增加而加快的趋势,但是伴有较大的非单调涨落.随着电磁阀开启电压脉冲宽度的缩短,液滴直径有较大幅度的缩小,可有效提高该系统用于样品施加的控制精度.

     

基于SCA波形采样读出电子学的CSNS Back-n中子飞行时间测量

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)反角白光中子束线(Back-n)对中子核数据测量和核技术应用等多个领域均有重要意义。为监测其中子束斑轮廓、束流密度及束流能量,研制了由镀硼微网格气体(Micromegas)探测器构成的束流剖面监测装置,并通过测量中子的飞行时间(TOF)来获得能量信息。采用基于开关电容阵列(SCA)专用集成电路(ASIC)的波形采样电子学系统,实现了128路Micromegas探测器阳极条信号的低噪声放大、成形和波形数字化,在现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)芯片中实现了对信号过阈时间的实时测量,其量程为650 ns～10 ms,电子学时间分辨好于10 ns。在CSNS Back-n上开展实验,成功获得了中子束流剖面及10.65μs～10 ms范围的飞行时间谱,对应的中子能量范围约为0.16 eV～0.14 MeV。利用钽、钴等吸收体进行了中子共振吸收峰的检验,验证了读出电子学系统的功能及飞行时间测量的正确性。     

Tellurene: An elemental 2D monolayer material beyond its bulk phases without van der Waals layered structures

Due to the quantum confinement effect, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) monolayer materials possess distinct characteristics from their corresponding bulk materials, which have received wide attention from science and industry. Among all the 2D materials, elemental 2D materials with the simplest components are most striking. As an emerging group-VIA elemental 2D monolayer material, tellurene exhibits many exciting fundamental properties, such as chemical and mechanical stabilities, bandgap and high carrier mobilities compared to phosphorene, graphene and MoS₂, respectively. Besides, in further exploration, it was found that tellurene or tellurene-based device presents excellent thermoelectric properties, piezoelectric properties, quantum Hall effects, and superb optical properties especially nonlinear optics characteristics, etc. The properties of tellurene can be modulated by virtue of strain, defects, edges, and heterojunction effects. In view of so many unique properties, it has drawn significant interest since tellurene was predicted and fabricated successfully in 2017. In this paper, we review the 2D tellurene allotropes, experimental preparation, excellent properties, performance modulation and future development.     

Design of CMOS active pixels based on finger-shaped PPD

To improve the full-well capacity and linear dynamic range of CMOS image sensor, a special finger-shaped pinned photodiode (PPD) is designed. In terms of process, the first N-type ion implantation of the PPD N buried layer is extended under the transfer gate, thereby increasing the PPD capacitance. Based on TCAD simulation, the width and spacing of PPD were precisely adjusted. A high full-well capacity pixel design with a pixel size of 6 × 6 μm² is realized based on the 0.18 μm CMOS process. The simulation results indicate that the pixel with the above structure and process has a depletion depth of 2.8 μm and a charge transfer efficiency of 100%. The measurement results of the test chip show that the full-well capacity can reach 68650e^–. Compared with the conventional structure, the proposed PPD structure can effectively improve the full well capacity of the pixel.     

人源重链铁蛋白纯化及其纳米粒制备

为探究可逆自组装活性纳米笼形铁蛋白的成熟高效制备技术,以构建的人源重链铁蛋白(recombinant human H-chain ferritin,rHuHF)大肠杆菌原核表达系统(BL21-pET3a-rHuHF)为对象,在发酵罐内进行高效表达,并对搅拌转速、空气通量及诱导表达时间3个关键工艺参数进行优化。采用透射电子显微镜和动静态光散射仪对rHuHF的纳米结构及粒径进行表征。结果显示:搅拌转速200 r/min、空气通量1.6 L/min、表达时间9 h为最佳表达条件。经鉴定,铁蛋白存在于菌体胞内可溶物部分且具有良好的自组装活性和单分散笼形结构,9次实验中表达量最高达290 mg/L,明显高于相同条件下摇瓶培养的表达量;pH 7时rHuHF粒径为(11.23±0.10)nm,pH 2时rHuHF粒径为(2.73±0.10)nm。本实验可对铁蛋白在纳米靶向递送系统中的应用等工作提供一定的科学依据。     

玛卡及其制品的PCR方法鉴别研究

本研究通过玛卡的defensin基因序列,设计了玛卡的特异性引物,建立了玛卡及其制品中玛卡源性成分检测的一种新方法。通过物种特异性测试,所设计的引物能够特异性扩增玛卡基因,并且,DNA浓度的检测灵敏度达到0.1 ng/μL以上,重量灵敏度达到0.1%以上。并结合芜菁源性成分基因检测方法对市场随机抽取的21份玛卡及其制品进行检测,21份样品均检出了玛卡源性成分而未检出芜菁源性成分。本研究所建立的PCR检测方法快速,准确,高效,适用于市场上玛卡及其制品真伪的快速鉴别。      

冷破碎工艺对猕猴桃果浆品质的影响

以海沃德、华优、红阳三个不同品种的猕猴桃为原料,利用冷破碎专利设备制取猕猴桃果浆。采用化学方法分析其营养特性指标(包括可滴定酸、总糖和还原糖、果胶、蛋白质、维生素C及多酚含量),同时与经传统工艺制取的果浆相比较,探讨冷破碎技术的优劣。实验结果表明,冷破碎工艺使海沃德、华优、红阳猕猴桃果浆酸度分别提高了69.9%、105%、34.2%,多酚及多酚氧化酶含量下降了49.4%、30.5%、43.8%和42.3%、48.3%、51.7%;总糖和还原糖变化不大,果胶、蛋白质含量变化显著。所以,采用冷破碎工艺获得的果浆比较好地保留了猕猴桃原果的营养品质,从防止营养品质劣变的角度看,冷破碎工艺是值得推广应用的果品加工先进技术。