用屏蔽暂堵技术封堵水平井裂缝性漏层

克拉玛依油田HW702水平井的大斜度段和水平段,将穿越纵向裂缝发育的二叠系佳木河组储层。为安全钻进和保护油层,用超细碳酸钙和磺化沥青复配后加入复合离子钻井液中成屏蔽暂堵的堵漏钻井液。室内用岩心试验,屏蔽暂堵后渗透率可降为0,暂堵深度小于3cm,可用酸化和射孔解堵。现场使用效果也很好,使HW702水平井顺利完钻,并获得工业油气流。     

钢板侵彻过载的三维数值模拟

利用LS—DYNA有限元程序，用弹塑性模型建立材料模型，对高速弹丸侵彻均质钢板问题进行了数值模拟，并与测试结果进行了比较，说明了有限元分析的有效性，为引信设计提供参考。     

用热分析法研究硝化棉的熔化过程

用ＭＤＳＣ，显微镜温台熔点测定仪和固体原位反应池／快速扫描傅立叶变换红外光谱联用装置考察了硝化棉的熔化过程。ＭＤＳＣ曲线表明吸热过程是可逆的，它系由ＮＣ和部分分解凝聚相产物的混合物的固液相变所引起。由ＮＣ的ＭＤＳＣ曲线得到的熔点，熔化含，熔化熵，分解含和分解反应热温熵分别为４７６．８４Ｋ，２０５．６Ｊ．ｇ＾－１，０．４３１２Ｊ．ｇ＾－１．Ｋ＾－１，－２４７５．０Ｊ．ｇ＾－１，－５．２４２Ｊ．ｇ＾－     

地层测试资料在实际应用中若干问题浅析

华北油田冀中地区在十几年实践过程中，陆续开展了200多层次地层测试（或三开抽汲）及该试油层常规抽汲试油工作。通过对1300次测试资料特别是对200层复试资料的分析对比，认为测试资料对自喷层和中高产非自喷井是准确的，可以不必进行三开抽汲。对井壁深部污染、低渗透和特低渗透层还存在一些偏差，为解决探井中一些疑难问题，需要配合抽汲。     

基于单片机的多功能充电器的设计与实现

本课题主要研究基于单片机的多功能充电器,解决对不同电池的快速充电。通过对ATmega8的深入研究,利用它的高性能,设计完全实现了电池充电器设计的功能。本设计可以通过按键切换,对的密封铅酸电池(SLA)和镍镉电池(NiCd)进行充电,并通过LCD清楚地看到其充电状态。同时利用放大电路和Atmega8本身的AD转换器显示对电池电压和电流的实时测量,以较好的控制充电过程,保护电池。     

废胶粉改性再生粗骨料沥青混合料性能试验研究

基于将建筑垃圾与废旧橡胶循环使用的目的,研究分别以0％,50％和100％取代率的再生粗骨料替换沥青混合料中10mm～20mm的天然粗骨料后沥青混合料的性能试验,并进一步在不同再生粗骨料取代率的沥青混合料中以干法掺入20％,30％的废胶粉及以湿法掺入20％的废胶粉,研究不同废胶粉掺量及干掺、湿掺废胶粉后再生粗骨料沥青混合料的马歇尔及车辙试验.结果表明,当废胶粉掺量为0％时,随着再生粗骨料取代率的增多,马歇尔稳定度和动稳定度先增多后减小,流值增多,马歇尔模数和残留稳定度减小,而不论是干掺还是湿掺,马歇尔稳定度降低,流值增多,马歇尔模数和残留稳定度降低,但是湿法工艺降低程度低,动稳定度先增多后减小.因此,沥青混合料中建议再生粗骨料取代率低于50％,而废胶粉以低于20％的掺量湿法掺入.     

基于分形维数的絮凝效果定量化试验

研究了水力条件、物理化学条件等因素对絮凝体分形维数的影响,用聚合氯化铝做絮凝试验,观察絮凝体的电镜照片并计算了絮凝体的分形维数,结果表明,当水力停留时间从低于标准停留时间的20.00%逐渐增加到超过33.30%时,絮凝体的分形维数数值从低于标准值的5.13%逐渐增加到高于标准值的16.03%;絮凝剂投加量最佳时分形维数最大,投加量不足时分形维数的数值下降了17.06％～33.15％,投加量过量时分形维数的数值下降了22.65%~35.63%;实验表明絮凝体的分形维数与絮凝条件有显著的相关性,可以作为絮凝效果定量化研究的参数。     

A Dual Physical Cross-Linking Strategy to Construct Tough Hydrogels with High Strength,Excellent Fatigue Resistance,and Stretching-Induced Strengthening Effect

Hydrogels with excellent stiffness, toughness, anti-fatigue, and self-recovery properties are regarded as promising water-containing materials. In this work, a dual physically cross-linked (DPC) sodium alginate (SA)/poly[acrylamide (AAm)-acrylic acid (AAc)-octadecyl methacrylate (OMA)]-Fe³⁺ hydrogel is reported, which is constructed by hydrophobic association (HA) and ionic coordination (IC). The optimal DPC hydrogel demonstrates excellent mechanical performance: tensile modulus of 0.65 MPa, tensile strength of 3.31 MPa, elongation at break of 1547%, and toughness of 27.8 MJ m^–3. SA/P(AAm-AAc-OMA)-Fe³⁺ DPC hydrogels also exhibit prominent anti-fatigue and self-recovery performance (99.1–109.7% modulus recovery and 90.4–108.9% dissipated energy recovery after resting for 5 min without additional stimuli at ambient temperature) through the reconstruction of reversible physical cross-linking. Some of the SA/P(AAm-AAc-OMA)-Fe³⁺ DPC hydrogels even exhibit a stretching-induced strengthening effect, which is similar to the performance of muscle—“the more training, the more strength.” Hence, the combination of HA and IC will provide an effective approach to design DPC hydrogels with desirable mechanical performances and a longer service life for wider applications of soft materials.     

Preparation of Iron Filler-Based Photocomposites and Application in 3D Printing

The introduction of metallic fillers to polymers via the photopolymerization approach can endow the composite materials with some unique properties, but the relevant research is still scarce due to the issue of light penetration and inner filter effect. Herein, for the first time the fabrication of photocomposites based on fine iron powder (i.e., a typical kind of metallic filler) is reported in this work. The free radical polymerization of two different acrylate monomers, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate, is performed in the presence of iron filler under mild conditions (i.e., light emitting diode (LED)@405 nm irradiation at room temperature under air). And the real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals remarkable photopolymerization kinetics of acrylates with high final conversions and fast polymerization rates despite the increasing contents of iron filler in the composites. Interestingly, the 3D printing technique is applied to the iron filler-based composites to produce tridimensional patterns with excellent spatial resolution. This work not only paves the way for the investigation of photocomposites based on metallic fillers through photochemical methods, but also broadens the potential application prospects.     

铈基SCR脱硝催化剂研究进展

近年来铈（Ce）基脱硝催化剂成为低温脱硝领域的研究热点,按载体类型可分为金属氧化物催化剂、二氧化钛载体催化剂、分子筛载体催化剂、活性炭及氧化铝载体催化剂等。按催化剂种类分别介绍了掺杂改性、制备工艺、反应条件等对催化剂性能的影响,并阐述了可能的原因机理。目前,铈基催化剂大多处于实验室阶段,工业化应用尚存在问题,尤其作为低温脱硝催化剂,活性中心堵塞问题更加突出,并且催化剂成本较高。未来可从催化剂制备工艺入手解决催化剂成型问题,以实现工业应用。同时探讨催化剂中毒机理,进一步提升其抗中毒能力。另外,寻求适宜的材料与铈掺杂组合,达到高效脱硝和经济效益最大化。