铈基SCR脱硝催化剂研究进展

近年来铈（Ce）基脱硝催化剂成为低温脱硝领域的研究热点,按载体类型可分为金属氧化物催化剂、二氧化钛载体催化剂、分子筛载体催化剂、活性炭及氧化铝载体催化剂等。按催化剂种类分别介绍了掺杂改性、制备工艺、反应条件等对催化剂性能的影响,并阐述了可能的原因机理。目前,铈基催化剂大多处于实验室阶段,工业化应用尚存在问题,尤其作为低温脱硝催化剂,活性中心堵塞问题更加突出,并且催化剂成本较高。未来可从催化剂制备工艺入手解决催化剂成型问题,以实现工业应用。同时探讨催化剂中毒机理,进一步提升其抗中毒能力。另外,寻求适宜的材料与铈掺杂组合,达到高效脱硝和经济效益最大化。     

胀断连杆用高碳微合金钢连铸大方坯的铸态组织

胀断连杆是汽车精密传动用高端产品,需具高强高韧和裂解加工脆性解理断裂特性。连铸化生产高碳易切削胀断连杆用微合金非调质钢是当前的发展方向。基于大方坯连铸生产典型工艺及其铸态组织、成分均匀性分析,研究了胀断连杆加工过程常见断口形貌不合的钢坯遗传性因素。以常用德系C70S6钢为例,采用250 mm×280 mm断面弧形连铸机,解析其在一定结晶器电磁搅拌条件下所浇铸大方坯的铸态低倍结构和枝晶形貌,并分析其不同晶区的成分分布特点。结果表明,当前连铸条件下大方坯中心缩孔和后续热轧棒材探伤合格率可控,但铸坯初凝坯壳凝固前沿发生明显的C、S负偏析白亮带区及其柱状晶偏转现象。金相试样图像分析和相场法凝固模拟表明,铸坯中柱状晶具有逆流生长特征,其偏转角是一次枝晶尖端向旋流方向逆向生长的结果。自铸坯角部至宽、窄面中心,实测柱状晶区的一次枝晶偏转角约在?7°到27°之间。利用X射线能谱分析（EDS）进一步检测了钢中主要合金元素Si、Mn、Mo在铸坯不同晶区的分布,揭示了其铸态偏析特征与差异性。据此,探讨了这种铸态组织和成分偏析对后续热轧棒材和连杆成品组织的遗传性,以及对其胀断加工断口不合的影响,可为源头铸态质量的控制提供依据。      

Biosorption behaviors of Cu, Zn, Cd and mixture by waste activated sludge

Biosorption of heavy metal ions, such as Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺, was carried out using waste activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant as adsorption material, and the effects of parameters, such as pH value, temperature, reaction time and sorption duration, were studied in detail. The results indicate that the removal rates of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ with low concentration are 96.47%, 80% and 90%, respectively, adsorbed by waste activated sludge. Little effect of dosage of activated sludge on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and more effects on the adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are observed. Little effect of temperature is observed, while pH value and adsorption time exert important influence on the sorption process. The adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions all have parabolic relationships with pH value. The optimum pH value is between 6 and 10, and the optimum adsorption time is 1 h. In single heavy metal ion system, the sorption processes of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are in accordance with Freundlich model, which indicates that it is suitable for the treatment of these three heavy metal ions using intermittent operation. In addition, the sorption capacity of the sludge for Cu²⁺ is preferential to the other two ions.     

提高铸造高速钢模具韧性和耐磨性的研究

用RF－Mg-Ti对低碳铸造高速钢（6W6Mo5C44V)模具材料进行变质处理，消除了钢中网状共晶碳化物，细化了基体组织，减轻了W、Mo元素偏析，变质处理后，高速钢硬度，红硬性和强度变化不大，但断裂韧性（K1c)和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值（ΔKth)有所提高，冲击韧性（ak)提高1倍以上，耐磨性也明显提高，各项性能指标达到了锻造高速钢水平，用RE－Mg-Ti变质处理低碳铸造高速钢，可以实现“以铸代锻”。     

高pH值污水杀菌剂的研究

介绍了高pH值污水细菌含量状况，研究了高pH值污水细菌生长与抗药性的变化规律，研制出针对高pH值污水应用的高效杀菌剂。     

Ti5Nb人工钉扎中心NbTi超导体的磁通钉扎机制分析

采用棒基组合的装配方法，用热挤压和冷加工相结合的工艺制备了岛状Ti5Nb人工钉扎中心NbTi超导体，其中Ti5Nb体积含量为10％。通过对此超导体进行详细的磁通钉扎机制分析，认为样品的磁通钉扎力特征主要由正常相钉扎和Δκ扎相结合的机制决定。根据分析的结果，采用多源标度方法，很好地拟合了不同线径样品的磁通钉扎力密度随磁场变化的曲线。拟合的结果表明：样品在较低场下的性能主要由正常相钉扎机制决定，而在较高场下的性能主要由Δκ钉扎机制决定。并且随着线径的减小，正常相钉扎力密度和Δκ钉扎力密度均有不同程度的提高。     

TC11钛合金中氧铝偏析与脆性断裂

借助ＳＥＭ及ＥＤＡＸ、ＡＥＳ对某些ＴＣ１１钛合金棒材机械性能差的原因进行了研究。。结果表明材料延伸率、断面收缩率及冲击值低，显微硬度值高的拉伸和冲击断口上都呈现脆性解理断裂的断裂源，源区显微组织为条状α及空洞，且氧铝偏高。氧铝偏高造成α＋β→β相变温度和再结晶温度升高，使加工变形中形成的条状α在随后的热处理中得不到改变，并导致拉伸、冲击时的脆性断裂     

Synthesis of nano Sb-encapsulated pyrolytic polyacrylonitrile composite for anode material in lithium secondary batteries

A novel process was proposed to synthesize nano Sb-encapsulated pyrolytic polyacrylonitrile composite for anode material in lithium secondary batteries. The preparation started with the dissolution of SbCl₃ and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, followed by the addition of KBH₄ to reduce Sb³⁺ in the solution. The Sb composite was obtained by pyrolysis of the Sb/PAN mixture that precipitated out when the DMF solution was added by plentiful water. The TEM analysis showed that about 100-200 nm Sb particles were embedded by the pyrolyzed PAN, which provided a conductive matrix to relieve the morphological change of Sb during electrochemical cycling. As-prepared composite presented good cycleability for lithium storage. The proposed process paves an effective way to prepare high performance alloy based composite anode materials for high performance lithium-ion batteries.     

莫莱石－堇青石滤料滤池在生产上的应用

本文对景德镇市黄泥头水厂进行了单层莫－堇滤料滤池和双层莫－堇－煤滤料滤池的生产性试验。试验结果表明：单层莫－堇滤池和双层莫－堇－煤滤池的周期产水量分别是单层砂滤池和双层砂－煤滤池的１．４倍和１．５倍，而且前两种滤池的出水水质优于后两种滤池。     

植生混凝土在水利工程中的应用

植生混凝土是一种生态友好型工程材料。是采用特殊工艺由水泥、粗骨料和水拌制而成的,可适应植物生长的混凝土。其技术特点为具有较大的空隙率,经过碱性改良,并填充了适生材料。植生混凝土应用在水利护坡工程中,不仅能提高坡面稳定性,而且具有良好的生态效益。