Mapping QTL for Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in a Chinese Wheat Landrace

Wheat stripe (yellow) rust is a worldwide disease that seriously reduces wheat grain yield and quality. Adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust is generally more durable but usually controlled by multiple genes with partial resistance. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population was developed from a cross between a Chinese wheat landrace, Tutoumai, with APR to stripe rust, and a highly susceptible wheat cultivar, Siyang 936. The population was genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing and phenotyped for APR to stripe rust in four consecutive field experiments. Three QTLs, QYr.sdau-1BL, QYr.sdau-5BL, and QYr.sdau-6BL, were identified for APR to stripe rust, and explained 8.0–21.2%, 10.1–22.7%, and 11.6–18.0% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. QYr.sdau-1BL was further mapped to a 21.6 Mb region using KASP markers derived from SNPs identified by RNA-seq of the two parents. In the QYr.sdau-1BL region, 13 disease-resistance-related genes were differently expressed between the two parents, and therefore were considered as the putative candidates of QYr.sdau-1BL. This study provides favorable gene/QTL and high-throughput markers to breeding programs for marker-assisted selection of the wheat stripe rust APR genes.     

Cytogenetic and Molecular Marker Analyses of a Novel Wheat–Psathyrostachys huashanica 7Ns Disomic Addition Line with Powdery Mildew Resistance

Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is a devastating disease that reduces wheat yield and quality worldwide. The exploration and utilization of new resistance genes from wild wheat relatives is the most effective strategy against this disease. Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng f. ex P. C. Kuo (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs) is an important tertiary gene donor with multiple valuable traits for wheat genetic improvement, especially disease resistance. In this study, we developed and identified a new wheat—P. huashanica disomic addition line, 18-1-5—derived from a cross between P. huashanica and common wheat lines Chinese Spring and CSph2b. Sequential genomic and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed that 18-1-5 harbored 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes plus a pair of alien Ns chromosomes. Non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular marker analyses further demonstrated that the alien chromosomes were derived from chromosome 7Ns of P. huashanica. The assessment of powdery mildew response revealed that line 18-1-5 was highly resistant at the adult stage to powdery mildew pathogens prevalent in China. The evaluation of agronomic traits indicated that 18-1-5 had a significantly reduced plant height and an increased kernel length compared with its wheat parents. Using genotyping-by-sequencing technology, we developed 118 PCR-based markers specifically for chromosome 7Ns of P. huashanica and found that 26 of these markers could be used to distinguish the genomes of P. huashanica and other wheat-related species. Line 18-1-5 can therefore serve as a promising bridging parent for wheat disease resistance breeding. These markers should be conducive for the rapid, precise detection of P. huashanica chromosomes and chromosomal segments carrying Pm resistance gene(s) during marker-assisted breeding and for the investigation of genetic differences and phylogenetic relationships among diverse Ns genomes and other closely related ones.     

分布式多参数光纤传感技术研究进展

分布式光纤传感系统利用光纤既能传感又能传输信号的特性实现对光纤沿线振动、应变、温度等物理量的长距离连续测量,在周界安防、电网管道监控、大型结构健康监测等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。上述的实际应用中,事件或故障的发生通常表现为振动、应变以及温度等物理量的改变,振动的探测频响高低、应变探测的动态响应能力以及多参数的同时测量都会影响事件的定位或预警。因此,振动的宽频测量、应变的动态测量以及多参数测量,对事件定位和信息完整捕获起着至关重要的作用,能够推动分布式光纤传感的应用发展。本文介绍了近年来在分布式光纤传感系统中,基于瑞利散射的宽频振动测量、基于布里渊散射的应变动态测量以及基于多散射的多参数测量取得的研究进展。

     

3D打印模型及BIM模型Web嵌入应用

3D打印模型源文件一般为特定格式的STL文件,现开发人员引入开源WebGL语言实现了HTML5页面无需安装插件即可实现3D打印模型的在线浏览,无需任何浏览器插件支持,同时引入二维码编译脚本能实现手机端扫描二维码进行模型预览和源文件下载。BIM模型Web嵌入应用借助3dsmax开放式插件,将revit模型导入到3dsmax,3dsmax安装开放式模型上传插件实现一键生成HTML5可直接打开的三维模型并附带渲染的纹理模型,浏览器终端支持旋转、放大、漫游及简易交互功能,可深入应用前景广阔。     

沿空掘巷卸压消突合理煤柱宽度的确定

为确保突出煤层巷道布置在卸压区,实现煤巷安全高效掘进,以盛远煤矿为例,结合采空区侧支撑应力及瓦斯压力分布规律,通过数值模拟和突出危险性现场考察,确定了沿空掘巷卸压消突合理煤柱宽度。结果表明：5 m宽煤柱内部存在弹性区,能保持一定承载能力,巷道围岩变形量较小,留设5 m宽煤柱沿空掘巷恰好处于卸压消突范围内,所测钻屑瓦斯解吸指标均低于临界值,且掘巷期间瓦斯涌出量均在1.58 m³/min以下,未出现突出动力现象,实现了安全高效掘进。     

排列短块移动排序距离的新下界

近20年来,计算生物学领域一直试图用基因组重组事件来追溯物种进化的规律,因此基因组排列的重组排序问题被广泛而深入地研究.基因组重组包含翻转、移位、转位等多种形式.Bulteau等人证明排列的转位排序问题是NP-完全的.一次转位操作也称为一次块移动,短块移动是最常见的一种块移动.一次短块移动是将一个元素从排列中某个位置移动到最多偏离原来2个位置的块移动,因此也称为3-bounded 转位.针对排列短块移动排序距离问题,给出了一类特殊排列(称之为双递增排列)的短块移动排序次数的下界.以此为依据,分析原始排列中的所有最大双递增子排列,从而给出了任意排列短块移动排序次数的下界,改进了Heath和Vergara的负面结果,并为更好的近似算法的设计打下基础.     

Self-adaptive Green-Ampt infiltration parameters obtained from measured moisture processes

The Green-Ampt(G-A) infiltration model(i.e., the G-A model) is often used to characterize the infiltration process in hydrology. The parameters of the G-A model are critical in applications for the prediction of infiltration and associated rainfall-runoff processes. Previous approaches to determining the G-A parameters have depended on pedotransfer functions(PTFs) or estimates from experimental results, usually without providing optimum values. In this study, rainfall simulators with soil moisture measurements were used to generate rainfall in various experimental plots. Observed runoff data and soil moisture dynamic data were jointly used to yield the infiltration processes, and an improved self-adaptive method was used to optimize the G-A parameters for various types of soil under different rainfall conditions. The two G-A parameters, i.e., the effective hydraulic conductivity and the effective capillary drive at the wetting front, were determined simultaneously to describe the relationships between rainfall, runoff, and infiltration processes. Through a designed experiment, the method for determining the GA parameters was proved to be reliable in reflecting the effects of pedologic background in G-A type infiltration cases and deriving the optimum G-A parameters. Unlike PTF methods, this approach estimates the G-A parameters directly from infiltration curves obtained from rainfall simulation experiments so that it can be used to determine site-specific parameters. This study provides a self-adaptive method of optimizing the G-A parameters through designed field experiments. The parameters derived from field-measured rainfall-infiltration processes are more reliable and applicable to hydrological models.     

A simple analytical model to predict liquid unloading in the horizontal gas well

An accurate prediction of the critical gas velocity for the liquid loading is of great importance for operators to select the tubing diameter for the newly dril...     

Improved sensing performance of WO3 nanoparticles decorated with Ag and Pt nanoparticles

Gas sensors built with metal oxide semicon-ductors have attracted tremendous attention due to the growing demand for the detection of inflammable,explo-sive and...