染料废水处理技术现状与发展

采用十二烷基三甲基氯化铵对高炉矿渣进行改性,制备一种低成本、环境友好型的吸附剂来处理染料废水,研究分析了吸附剂剂量、吸附时间、染料初始浓度和pH值因素对改性矿渣吸附活性艳蓝KN-R能力的影响以及改性矿渣表征的变化规律。结果表明：当改性矿渣用量为10 g/L,染料初始浓度为60 mg/L,pH值为2,以及吸附120 min时,改性矿渣对污水的处理后可达到较大脱色率96%,而在初始浓度为150 mg/L时为较优溶度,该浓度下脱色率与吸附量均较高。通过XRD和FTIR实验对矿渣与改性矿渣的表征特点进行对比分析,分析表明十二烷基三甲基氯化铵可以有效地对矿渣进行改性,改性后的矿渣吸附能力得到了显著提升。     

废弃锂电池电极材料中有价金属的赋存状态

这是一篇材料工程领域的论文。随着近年来新能源行业的蓬勃发展,2030年我国退役磷酸铁锂动力电池规模或达153.1万t。出于保护我国战略性矿产资源和减少环境污染的需要,研究开发出绿色、高效、可持续的废旧磷酸铁锂电池回收工艺已刻不容缓。本文以废旧磷酸铁锂电池的主要组成部分及一般回收流程为研究对象,介绍了预处理、正极材料、负极材料、电解液等多种回收工艺的原理、优缺点及研究现状。在此基础上,对废旧磷酸铁锂电池回收的未来研究方向提出了自己的观点,以期为我国废旧磷酸铁锂电池回收技术的产业化发展提供参考。     

Knowledge-enhanced graph neural networks for construction material quantity estimation of reinforced concrete buildings

The construction material quantity (CMQ) is widely concerned in the structural design of reinforced concrete buildings and is often included among the objective functions of computer-aided optimization design techniques. To minimize construction cost and carbon emissions, an accurate and efficient CMQ estimation method is timely required. In this study, a novel graph neural network (GNN) is proposed, whose architecture and loss function are specifically designed for CMQ estimation. With a heterogeneous feature fusion mechanism, the GNN can automatically extract features from all CMQ-related information, in contrast to the existing data-driven methods that rely heavily on manually selected features. By further incorporating a prior knowledge inclusion strategy, the GNN can avoid fundamental errors that might be encountered by purely data-driven methods. To enrich the diversity of the CMQ dataset, a data augmentation method is proposed incorporating generative adversarial networks and parametric modeling. Numerical experiments and case studies show that the proposed CMQ estimation method is superior to the existing data-driven methods in terms of accuracy and is 500 times faster than typical commercial structural design software. This study is anticipated to benefit the objective evaluation of computer-aided design, thereby facilitating the promotion of low-cost and low-carbon-emission building designs.     

钢筋数据从IFC向数控加工设备的传递

目前,在向钢筋数控加工设备录入钢筋尺寸时,仍然依赖于钢筋加工工人手工录入信息,这种方式既容易造成信息录入错误,也严重降低了钢筋加工效率。本文提出了一种从IFC文件提取钢筋加工数据,并将其以数字化方式传递给钢筋数控加工设备的方法。该方法从IFC文件中解析并提取钢筋实体信息,将其按BVBS格式进行编码后,再将编码转换为PDF417条码格式提交给钢筋加工工人;在钢筋加工厂,钢筋加工工人采用扫描二维码的方式将钢筋加工信息输入到MEP钢筋数控加工设备。该方法已在德州至上饶国家高速公路合肥至枞阳段项目得到成功应用。应用实践表明,该技术可将IFC格式的钢筋模型转换为数控加工文件,减少了工人读图、录入等中间环节,可以提高钢筋的加工效率和精度。     

茉莉酸甲酯和乙烯利处理对鲜切苹果膜质过氧化反应的影响

为研究外源信号分子茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)和乙烯(Eth)对鲜切果蔬膜脂过氧化反应的影响,本实验以鲜切富士苹果为实验材料,经10μmol/L Me JA和10μL/L乙烯利处理,分析贮藏过程中与膜脂过氧化反应相关物质及酶类的变化。结果表明,Me JA和乙烯利可显著提高脂氧合酶(LOX)活性(p<0.05),降低细胞膜的渗透率和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,同时颜色的损失减少,乙烯利处理鲜切苹果的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,但Me JA对SOD和CAT活性无显著影响,说明Me JA和乙烯利启动了鲜切富士苹果的防御反应,导致膜脂过氧化反应系统的关键酶活性升高,从而降低机械胁迫对细胞膜产生的伤害,从而显著延长贮藏期和保持新鲜品质(p<0.05)。      

食品中展青霉素检测方法及脱除技术研究进展

展青霉素是由多种真菌产生的一种有毒代谢产物,广泛存在于自然界中,易在水果及其制品中残留,并可通过食物链进行富集,严重威胁人类健康。本文对展青霉素的来源、性质、检测、脱除、存在问题及研究趋势进行概述,为后续研究提供理论依据。      

食源性MRSA氨基糖苷类耐药基因多重PCR方法建立

目的:了解食源性金黄色葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA）及对氨基糖苷类庆大霉素、卡那霉素抗生素的耐药性情况,并建立快速检测鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性多重PCR方法。方法:对金黄色葡萄球菌进行增菌培养,并提取DNA作为模板,以nuc基因作为菌属鉴定基因,mec A基因作为MRSA检测基因,aac A-aph D及aph（3’）-Ⅲa基因作为耐氨基糖苷类庆大霉素、卡那霉素的检测目的基因,建立四重PCR检测方法并进行特异性及灵敏度评价;利用所建立的方法检测72株食品及食物中毒患者来源的金黄色葡萄球菌。结果:成功建立四重PCR检测方法,且72株金黄色葡萄球菌均有nuc基因检出,mec A基因与MRSA检测符合率达100%,aac A-aph D、aph（3’）-Ⅲa基因与庆大霉素、卡那霉素耐药菌株的符合率达95.12%。结论:本实验所建立的多重PCR方法灵敏度高、特异性好,可以快速检测出MRSA,并对氨基糖苷类庆大霉素、卡那霉素耐药菌株检测具有较高的准确率。      

混合菌种发酵酸马乳的降血脂功能研究

为研究混合菌种发酵酸马乳的降血脂作用,采用混合菌种发酵酸马乳对小鼠进行实验,研究其对高脂模型小鼠体重、血脂水平、脏器指数和动脉硬化（AI）指数的影响。结果表明,混合菌种发酵酸马乳中、高剂量能够显著降低高血脂症小鼠TC、TG、LDL-C、AI水平（p<0.05）,显著升高HLD-C水平（p<0.05）,并且能降低小鼠体重和肝脏指数,说明混合菌种发酵酸马乳对实验性高脂血症小鼠具有降低血脂的作用,对高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化具有一定的预防作用。      

Molecular Characterization and Expression Patterns of Two Pheromone-Binding Proteins from the Diurnal Moth Phauda flammans (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea: Phaudidae)

Sex pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) play an important role in sex pheromone recognition in Lepidoptera. However, the mechanisms of chemical communication mediating the response to sex pheromones remain unclear in the diurnal moths of the superfamily Zygaenoidea. In this study, Phauda flammans (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea: Phaudidae) was used as a model insect to explore the molecular mechanism of sex pheromone perception in the superfamily Zygaenoidea. Two novel pheromone-binding proteins (PflaPBP1 and PflaPBP2) from P. flammans were identified. The two pheromone-binding proteins were predominantly expressed in the antennae of P. flammans male and female moths, in which PflaPBP1 had stronger binding affinity to the female sex pheromones Z-9-hexadecenal and (Z, Z, Z)-9, 12, 15-octadecatrienal, PflaPBP2 had stronger binding affinity only for (Z, Z, Z)-9, 12, 15-octadecatrienal, and no apparent binding affinity to Z-9-hexadecenal. The molecular docking results indicated that Ile 170 and Leu 169 are predicted to be important in the binding of the sex pheromone to PflaPBP1 and PflaPBP2. We concluded that PflaPBP1 and PflaPBP2 may be responsible for the recognition of two sex pheromone components and may function differently in female and male P. flammans. These results provide a foundation for the development of pest control by exploring sex pheromone blocking agents and the application of sex pheromones and their analogs for insect pests in the superfamily Zygaenoidea.     

Silencing DTX3L Inhibits the Progression of Cervical Carcinoma by Regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Cervical carcinoma (CC) is the second most prevalent gynecologic cancer in females across the world. To obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of CC, high-resolution label-free mass spectrometry was performed on CC and adjacent normal tissues from eight patients. A total of 2631 proteins were identified, and 46 significant differently expressed proteins (DEPs) were found between CC and normal tissues (p < 0.01, fold change >10 or <0.1). Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that the majority of the proteins were involved in the regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K signaling and mTOR signaling. Among 46 DEPs, Integrinβ6 (ITGB6), PPP1CB, TMPO, PTGES3 (P23) and DTX3L were significantly upregulated, while Desmin (DES) was significantly downregulated in CC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. In in vivo and in vitro experiments, DTX3L knockdown suppressed CC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and xenograft tumorigenesis, and enhanced cell apoptosis. Combination of silencing DTX3L and cisplatin treatment induced higher apoptosis percentage compared to cisplatin treatment alone. Moreover, DTX3L silencing inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Thus, our results suggested DTX3L could regulate CC progression through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway and is potentially a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for CC.