食物成瘾的研究进展及启示

食物成瘾是一种复杂的慢性疾病，导致人们在日常生活中对某种食物产生过度依赖与过度进食等相关行为特征，近年来已被认为是影响欧美发达国家肥胖症、暴食症、糖尿病等发病率持续升高的关键原因，引起学术界的极大关注，成为研究热点。本文主要介绍食物成瘾的概念、诊断标准，综述了食物成瘾的病理机制、影响因素和应对措施等方面的研究进展，并探讨食物成瘾对我国食品界的启示，为预防食物成瘾，保障公众健康提供有益借鉴。     

基于“天空地”一体化技术的安全监测系统建设与应用

西藏江达县白格村金沙江右岸于2018年10月11日和2018年11月3日先后发生2次大规模滑坡—堰塞湖堵江事件,溃堰洪水对下游拉哇库区不良地质体的稳定性造成不同程度的影响。为保障下游水电站建设安全,对拉哇库区主要不良地质体建立了基于星载InSAR技术、无人机技术和地面传感器实时监测的“天空地”一体化监测预警体系,以多维空间采集技术获取变形信息,通过智能监控平台对信息及时进行处理、分析和可视化呈现,利用平台、短信等方式向相关人员进行分级告警,取得了较好的应用效果。     

A Dual Inhibitor of DYRK1A and GSK3β for β-Cell Proliferation: Aminopyrazine Derivative GNF4877

Loss of β-cell mass and function can lead to insufficient insulin levels and ultimately to hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. The mainstream treatment approach involves regulation of insulin levels; however, approaches intended to increase β-cell mass are less developed. Promoting β-cell proliferation with low-molecular-weight inhibitors of dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) offers the potential to treat diabetes with oral therapies by restoring β-cell mass, insulin content and glycemic control. GNF4877, a potent dual inhibitor of DYRK1A and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was previously reported to induce primary human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we describe the lead optimization that lead to the identification of GNF4877 from an aminopyrazine hit identified in a phenotypic high-throughput screening campaign measuring β-cell proliferation.     

Densification mechanism during reactive hot pressing of B4C-ZrO2 mixtures

The densification behaviors of pure B₄C and B₄C-ZrO₂ mixtures were compared during hot pressing. The results showed that in-situ formed ZrB₂ effectively enhanced the densification process of B₄C-ZrO₂ mixtures, more significantly during the intermediate stage. Within the relative density ranging from 0.75 to 0.90, the B₄C-15?wt%ZrO₂ mixture (B15Z) achieved the maximum densification rate as twice much as that of pure B₄C. The stress exponent n>3 indicated plastic deformation was the dominant densification mechanism of B15Z. The viscosities of plastic flow were evaluated using Murray-Rodger-William equation and the viscosity of B15Z was only a quarter of that in pure B₄C. The sintering activation energy was calculated to be 305.9?kJ/mol for pure B₄C and 197?kJ/mol for B15Z, respectively. It was proposed that the lower viscosity of plastic flow and activation energy accelerated the sliding and propagating motions of plastic flow, by which underlain the enhanced densification behaviors of B₄C-ZrO₂ mixtures.     

The Gut Microbiota: A Potential Gateway to Improved Health Outcomes in Breast Cancer Treatment and Survivorship

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The disease and its treatments exert profound effects on an individual’s physical and mental health. There are many factors that impact an individual’s risk of developing breast cancer, their response to treatments, and their risk of recurrence. The community of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota, affects human health through metabolic, neural, and endocrine signaling, and immune activity. It is through these mechanisms that the gut microbiota appears to influence breast cancer risk, response to treatment, and recurrence. A disrupted gut microbiota or state of ‘dysbiosis’ can contribute to a biological environment associated with higher risk for cancer development as well as contribute to negative treatment side-effects. Many cancer treatments have been shown to shift the gut microbiota toward dysbiosis; however, the microbiota can also be positively manipulated through diet, prebiotic and probiotic supplementation, and exercise. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and breast cancer and to highlight potential strategies for modulation of the gut microbiota that could lead to improved clinical outcomes and overall health in this population.     

Modeling Impact of ROADM Intra-Node Add/Drop Contention on a Single Node Lightpath Blocking Performance

We propose an analytical model to evaluate the lightpath blocking performance for a single ROADM node with intra-node add/drop contention,in which the number of lightpaths that can be added/dropped with the same wavelength is limited by the add/drop contention factor.Different models of traffic load per nodal degree are considered to validate the effectiveness of the analytical model.The simulation results show that the proposed analytical model is effective in predicting the performance for different values of add/drop contention factor C and for variable offered loads at the node.The add/drop contention factor shows an important impact on the lightpath blocking performance and properly raising the contention factor can significantly improve the lightpath blocking performance.When the add/drop contention factor C exceeds a certain level,the performance of a ROADM with intra-node contention is close to that of a contentionless ROADM.     

Preparation and Properties of a New Mediumdensity and High-strength Ceramic Proppant

Based on the needs of the market,a new 52 MPa medium-density and high-strength ceramic proppant was prepared by adopting third grade bauxite and clay as raw materials and using the solid phase sintering method,and the effect of the firing temperature on the microstructure,phase composition and mechanical properties of the ceramic proppant was studied. The broken resistance mechanism of this ceramic proppant was also discussed. The results show that the main phases of the prepared ceramic proppant are mullite and corundum; the broken rates are 3. 92% and 7. 21% under 52 MPa and69 MPa,respectively.     

Analysis of the ionospheric variability based on wavelet decomposition

In this work,the ionospheric variability is analyzed by applying the wavelet decomposition technique to the noontime fo F2,F10.7,interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)Bz,Ap,and lower thermospheric temperature at pressure of 10?4 h Pa in 2002.Results show that the variance of periodic oscillations in the ionosphere is largest in the 2–4-day period and declines with the increase of the period.The maximum variance of the periodic oscillations in solar irradiation is in the 16–32-day period.For geomagnetic activities,most of the variance is about equally distributed on intervals of periods shorter than 32 days.Variance distributions of IMF Bz and lower thermospheric temperature are similar to those of the ionosphere.They show the maximum in the 2–4-day period and decline with the increase of the period.By analyzing the distributions of the variances,the potential connections between the ionosphere and the external sources are discussed.