离子膜使用过程中起泡的原因及危害

分析并列举了离子交换膜在使用过程中鼓泡的原因，阳极液质量浓度；pH值；阴极液质量浓度；电流密度；开停车及盐水质量等因素都可以造成膜鼓泡，形成针孔。提出了相应的预防措施。     

Influence of Hydrostatic Pressure and Humidity on Superplastic Ductility of Two β-Spodumene Glass-Ceramics

The extent of superplastic deformation in two lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics was found to be limited either by intergranular cavitation or by the initiation and growth of surface cracks. Tensile tests were performed under a superimposed hydrostatic pressure to distinguish between the two failure mechanisms. Two materials, one with a high flow stress and the other with a low flow stress, were studied. Cavitation was substantially suppressed by hydrostatic pressure in both materials. The strain-to-fracture, however, was enhanced only in the material with the lower flow stress. (In at least one instance the tensile ductility became almost infinite.) In the material with the higher flow stress, failure was caused by the initiation and propagation of cracks from the surface. The crack-propagation mode of failure was found to be sensitive to humidity, raising the possibility of stress-corrosion cracking at high temperatures in glass-ceramic materials.     

枯草杆菌碱性磷酸酶制备的最佳工艺条件及酶促反应动力学性质的研究

以枯草杆菌为菌种液体培养制备碱性磷酸酶，研究确定了培养的最佳工艺条件，并对碱性磷酸酶的酶促反应动力学性质进行了初步探讨。结果表明，枯草杆菌制备碱性磷酸酶的最佳工艺条件为：40℃，pH值7．4振荡培养10h，酶活最高。对碱性磷酸酶的动力学性质研究表明，该酶催化底物磷酸苯二钠水解反应的最适pH值8．8，最适温度52℃，米氏常数Km值为2．94mmol／L。     

甲苯三氧化硫磺化反应抑制副产物二甲苯砜的研究

对SO3磺化甲苯反应的副产物二甲苯砜成因及反应历程进行了分析,通过实验比较了醋酸与二甲苯砜的抑制效果,提出用磺化副产物二甲苯砜自身抑制的新方法.考察了二甲苯砜力入量和甲苯转化率对抑制副反应的影响.反应温度:10℃,三氧化硫:6%,甲苯转化率为35%时,外加甲苯质量3.3%的二甲苯砜就能控制二甲苯砜含量不增加,且甲苯磺酸异构体的对位含量由84%上升到89%,间位含量由2.5%下降到1%.     

冲击波和爆轰波的共异性

炸药爆炸是实现一些纳米新材料的重要能量来源之一。文章对炸药爆炸所涉及到的一些最基本的概念、模型及其基本关系及冲击波和爆轰波曲线的特征等做了一般性评述，旨在对纳米金刚石合成技术有所指导。     

Surface morphology and nodule formation mechanism of cellulose acetate membranes by atomic force microscopy

By the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM), formation mechanism of nodular structure in cellulose acetate membranes was systematically investigated. Elementary factors affecting the nodule formation were delineated on the basis of both kinetic and thermodynamic considerations. It was shown that (1) the exact nature of nodular structure is thermodynamic equilibrium glassy state; nodular structure will vanish in the rubbery state; (2) the thermodynamic factor affecting nodule formation is the membrane formation temperature; with the membrane formation temperature decreasing, more chain segments are able to form nodular structures; (3) nodule formation is dependent on the segment rearrangement; variation of the solvent environment is the major kinetic factor affecting the segment rearrangement and nodule formation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1328–1335, 2003     

Poly(3‐chlorothiophene) films prepared by the direct electrochemical oxidation of 3‐chlorothiophene in mixed electrolytes of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and sulfuric acid

3‐Chlorothiophene (CT) was electrochemically polymerized in mixed electrolytes of a boron trifluoride diethyl etherate solution containing 0–20% (by volume) sulfuric acid. The oxidation potentials of the monomer in these media were measured to be only 1.06–1.31 V (vs Ag/AgCl). These values were much lower than that of CT in acetonitrile and 0.1 mol/L (Bu)₄NBF₄ (1.92 V vs Ag/AgCl). Poly(3‐chlorothiophene) (PCT) films with conductivities of 0.1–2 S cm^?1 were obtained. The structure, morphology, and electrochemical behavior of the PCT films also were investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 502–509, 2003     

耐盐性树脂PAA的合成及应用研究

以丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺为单体，过硫酸钾为引发剂，N，N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂。水浴阶梯升温共聚合成耐盐性树脂，采用正交试验通过分析，研究了主要因素对产物性能的影响，确定较佳反应条件：T=50℃(2h)～65℃(3h)，单体配比nAM：nAA=1：11，单体中和度[N]=90％～95％。引发剂浓度[I]=0．3％，单体浓度[M]=30％～35％，交联剂浓度[C]=0．025％～0．03％，并将此树脂作为缓释剂应用于固载二氧化氯中，取得了良好的效果。     

GYM系列亿丰磨在非金属矿物超微粉碎中的应用

干法生产超细粉是我国非金属粉体的重要加工工艺之一，传统的粉磨设备难以达到大量生产d97=2—10μm超细粉的要求，且生产效率低。阐述了采用多磨轮、多磨道原理设计的GYM-83型亿丰磨在生产粒径为11μ的碳酸钙干粉时，其累积分布达98％，粒径为2μm的占总质量44．96％，产量达到了1250kg／h，且基建投资少，性价比好。     

Guerbet十四醇的合成与表征

以正庚醇为原料 ,通过Guerbet反应合成Guerbet十四醇 (2 戊基壬醇 ,C14 GA)。用IR、NMR和元素分析测定了C14 GA的结构 ,并研究了反应温度和用料比对其产率的影响。实验结果如下 :(1)在较优化的反应条件下 (正庚醇的总加入量为 1mol,在实验过程中 ,先加入 1/ 3mol庚醇和 1/ 4mol的KOH ,在 16 0℃下反应 2h ,然后再加入剩下的 2 / 3mol庚醇和 4g 5 %Pd -C催化剂 ,在 15 5℃下反应 6h)合成产物 ,其产率可达到 5 4 2 0 % ;(2 )所合成的产物与试图要得到的Guerbet十四醇 (2 戊基壬醇 ,C14 GA)含有相同的基团 (2×—CH3、10×—CH2 —、1×CH、1×—CH2 —O—和 1×—OH) ,而且 ,所合成的产物中 ,w (C) =79 0 6 % ,w (H ) =13 6 2 % ,与从Guerbet十四醇分子式计算的理论值w(C) =78 5 0 % ,w (H) =14 0 1%基本一致。可见所合成的产物正是Guerbet十四醇 (C14 GA)