CO_2超临界萃取技术提取中药有效成分

本文较系统地介绍了CO2 超临界萃取技术提取中药有效成分的优点 ,重点讲述了已工业化的几项提取过程 ,突出了该技术提取中药水溶性有效成分的应用前景     

Synthesis, characterization and optical limiting property of covalently oligothiophene-functionalized graphene material

An organic solution-processable functionalized graphene hybrid material with oligothiophene (6THIOP-NH-SPFGraphene) has been synthesized. The thermogravimetry analysis data shows that the hybrid is more stable than its parent graphene oxide as observed with an increased onset temperature. Ultraviolet-visible absorption and fluorescence emission data show that the attachment of the electron-acceptor group (graphene oxide sheet) onto the oligothiophene molecules results in an improved absorption than its parent compound in the whole spectral region and an efficient quenching of photoluminescence. The optical limiting properties were studied by using the open-aperture Z-scan measures at 532 nm, and the results show that 6THIOP-NH-SPFGraphene demonstrated a superior optical limiting effect, better than that of the benchmark optical limiting material C₆₀.     

基于混合建模的水泥生料分解过程动态特性研究

为掌握水泥分解炉运行过程的动态特性,采用机理建模与神经网络相结合的方法构建了水泥分解炉一维特性模型,并结合工业数据对该方法的可行性进行验证。结果表明,模型能够准确地计算炉内温度、气体浓度等参数,具有良好的泛化性能。基于所提出的模型,研究了炉内各状态参数的稳态分布特性。此外,对喷煤量、生料下料量、喷氨量以及高温风机转速等操作变量进行阶跃实验,分析上述操作变量改变时分解炉出口温度及出口NO _x 含量的动态响应情况。研究所得相关动态特性规律可以为控制系统的分析、设计和优化提供参考与依据。     

磁致旋转射流过渡MAG焊接工艺分析

在设计一种工程实用性强、小型化的纵向磁场发生装置的基础上,将纵向磁场引入到98％Ar＋2％O2保护的射流过渡MAG焊中,提出了一种稳定、可控、有规律的磁致旋转射流过渡MAG焊接工艺,并详细研究了励磁电流（磁场强度）对电弧形态及运动行为、焊丝熔化特性、熔滴过渡机制和焊缝成形的影响规律,同时指出了该工艺的不足之处一纵向磁场在抑制指状熔深的同时却形成了偏心焊缝。结果表明,外加纵向磁场后,MAG焊电弧、液锥和液流束都偏离焊丝轴线并高速旋转,熔滴过渡虽然偏离了焊丝轴线,但仍在电弧烁亮区内部进行;随着励磁电流的增大,电弧旋转角速度增加,可见弧长缩短,熔滴过渡速度加快,焊接电流减小,焊丝熔化系数提高。     

Characterization of oxygen containing functional groups on carbon materials with oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy

Surface functional groups on carbon materials are critical to their surface properties and related applications. Many characterization techniques have been used to identify and quantify the surface functional groups, but none is completely satisfactory especially for quantification. In this work, we used oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to identify and quantify the oxygen containing surface functional groups on carbon materials. XANES spectra were collected in fluorescence yield mode to minimize charging effect due to poor sample conductivity which can potentially distort XANES spectra. The surface functional groups are grouped into three types, namely carboxyl-type, carbonyl-type, and hydroxyl-type. XANES spectra of the same type are very similar while spectra of different types are significantly different. Two activated carbon samples were analyzed by XANES. The total oxygen contents of the samples were estimated from the edge step of their XANES spectra, and the identity and abundance of different functional groups were determined by fitting of the sample XANES spectrum to a linear combination of spectra of the reference compounds. It is concluded that oxygen K-edge XANES spectroscopy is a reliable characterization technique for the identification and quantification of surface functional groups on carbon materials.     

Decolorization of methylene blue by heterogeneous Fenton reaction using Fe3−xTixO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.78) at neutral pH values

In this work, a series of Fe_3−xTi_xO₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.78) was synthesized using a new soft chemical method. The synthetic Fe_3−xTi_xO₄ were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Mössbauer spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC) analyses. The results showed that they were spinel structures and Ti was introduced into their structures.Then, decolorization of methylene blue (MB) by Fe_3−xTi_xO₄ in the presence of H₂O₂ at neutral pH values was studied using UV–vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and element C analyses. Furthermore, the degradation products remained in reaction solution after the decolorization were identified using ionic chromatography (IC), ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR), liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Although small amounts of MB were mineralized, the aromatic rings in MB were destroyed completely after the decolorization. Decolorization of MB by Fe_3−xTi_xO₄ in the presence of H₂O₂ was promoted remarkably with the increase of Ti content in Fe_3−xTi_xO₄ due to the enhancement of both adsorption and degradation of MB on Fe_3−xTi_xO₄.     

CO_2、CH_4和N_2在不同硅铝比β沸石上的吸附分离性能

采用体积法在273 K和303 K温度下对CO_2,CH_4和N_2在不同硅/铝比的β沸石上的吸附分离性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,Langmuir-Freundlich模型能够较好地拟合吸附实验数据;同一样品上,CO_2的吸附量要大于CH_4和N_2的吸附量;随着硅铝比的减小CO_2的吸附量增加,而硅/铝比对CH_4和N_2的吸附量的影响较小.通过结合Virial方程计算CO_2、CH_4和N_2在不同硅/铝比β沸石上的亨利定律常数和吸附选择性,发现所研究样品对CO_2/CH_4和CO_2/N_2均具有很高的吸附选择性,随着样品硅/铝比的减小,CO_2/CH_4和CO_2/N_2的吸附选择性显著增加,说明较低硅/铝比β沸石有利于分离CO_2.用Clausius-Ciapeyron方程求得CO_2,CH_4和N_2在不同硅/铝比的β沸石上的吸附热与吸附量无关,表明β沸石是一种表面势场均匀的吸附剂.     

建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST第13讲住宅模拟优化实例

通过对住宅建筑模拟计算方法的研究,说明合理的、有代表性的计算输入参数是进行模拟计算的重要前提,并提出了一套较为合理的计算输入参数。利用模拟软件DeST—h,通过对上海、北京的两栋住宅建筑进行优化设计,介绍了利用模拟手段辅助设计的方法,并指出在不同的气候地区,采用相同节能措施的节能效果差别很大,需要利用模拟软件进行详细分析。     

微型离心式冷水机组性能分析

以桌公司开发的微型离心式冷水机组为研究对象,阐述了离心式压缩机微型化和冷水机组性能高效化的主要技术途径.根据机组在不同运行工况下的性能测试数据建立了能耗模型,分析了微型离心式冷水机组用于参考建筑供冷时的SEER特性.与名义制冷量、COP相近的单螺杆机组的计算结果进行比较表明,其全供冷季运行性能已达到或优于同等容量常规单螺杆机组的性能.     

混凝土碳化深度的控制

混凝土的强度和耐久性是混凝土结构的两个重要指标,其中混凝土抗碳化能力是衡量混凝土结构耐久性非常重要的一个指标。通过对混凝土碳化反应机理的探讨,分析导致混凝土碳化的各种因素,提出施工时对混凝土减缓碳化处理的建议。