Mitigating Surface Deficiencies of Perovskite Single Crystals Enables Efficient Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture and Reverse-Bias Stability

Metal halide perovskite single crystals are promising for diverse optoelectronic applications due to their outstanding properties. In comparison to the bulk, the crystal surface suffers from high defect density and is moisture sensitive; however, surface modification strategies of perovskite single crystals are relatively deficient. Herein, solar cells based on methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI₃) thin single crystals are selected as a prototype to improve single-crystal perovskite devices by surface modification. The surface trap passivation and protection against moisture of MAPbI₃ thin single crystals are achieved by one bifunctional molecule 3-mercaptopropyl(dimethoxy)methylsilane (MDMS). The sulfur atom of MDMS can coordinate with bare Pb²⁺ of MAPbI₃ single crystals to reduce surface defect density and nonradiative recombination. As a result, the modified devices show a remarkable efficiency of 22.2%, which is the highest value for single-crystal MAPbI₃ solar cells. Moreover, MDMS modification mitigates surface ion migration, leading to enhanced reverse-bias stability. Finally, the cross-link of silane molecules forms a protective layer on the crystal surface, which results in enhanced moisture stability of both materials and devices. This work provides an effective way for surface modification of perovskite single crystals, which is important for improving the performance of single-crystal perovskite solar cells, photodetectors, X-ray detectors, etc.     

Unveiling the Synergy of Interfacial Contact and Defects in α-Fe2O3 for Enhanced Photo-Electrochemical Water Splitting

Photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising method for converting solar energy into clean energy, but the mechanism of improving PEC efficiency through the interfacial contact and defect strategy remains highly controversial. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and oxygen vacancies are introduced into α-Fe₂O₃ nanorod (NR) arrays using a simple spin-coating method and acid treatment. The resultant oxygen vacancy–α-Fe₂O₃/rGO-integrated system exhibits a higher photocurrent, four times than the pristine α-Fe₂O₃. It is well evidenced that the electronic interface interaction between α-Fe₂O₃ and rGO is boosted with the oxygen vacancies, facilitating electron transfer from α-Fe₂O₃ to rGO. Moreover, the oxygen vacancies not only create interband states in α-Fe₂O₃ that can trap photogenerated holes and thus facilitate charge separation but significantly also strengthen the adsorption of oxidative intermediates and reduce the energy barrier of rate-determining step during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This study demonstrates an rGO–oxygen vacancy synergistic interfacial contact and defect modification approach to design semiconducting photocatalysts for high-efficiency solar energy capture and conversion. The generated principle is expected to be extendable to another material system.     

A high sensitivity localized surface plasmon resonance sensor based on D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for low refractive index detection

In this paper, a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) refractive index sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed to solve the problem of low refractive index analyte detection. 31 silver nanowires are placed on the surface of the D-shaped PCF, which increases the contact area between the plasma material and the analyte. The simulation results indicate that the maximum sensitivity of the sensor reaches 16 400 nm/RIU, and the refractive index detection range is 1.26—1.33. It is proved that the sensor has a good prospect in low refractive index detection.     

生物医用多孔钛及钛合金激光快速成形研究进展

多孔钛及钛合金具有良好的生物相容性和与人骨更匹配的力学性能,是人体理想的替代材料,因此其制备技术及相关性能研究引起了广泛关注。激光快速成形是一项先进的制造技术,在制备生物多孔金属材料时具有独特的优势。介绍了激光快速成形的工作原理和技术特征,根据成形工艺特点简要回顾了4种代表性激光快速成形技术(选择性激光烧结、选择性激光熔化、激光近净成形和激光立体成形)的国内外发展现状,并重点论述了这几种技术在制备生物医用多孔钛及钛合金方面的最新研究进展,最后指出了今后在该领域的主要研究工作。     

改进的Gabor滤波算法在指纹识别中的应用

指纹自动识别系统中图像的处理和匹配算法在系统的设计中起了尤为重要的作用,本文对Gabor滤波算法进行了简化,同时引入了HGF（Half Gabor Filter）对指纹图像进行了增强处理。实验结果表明经过这种改进的Gabor滤波算法提高了图像的处理速度,并很好的保留纹线的关键信息。     

基于购物网站用户搜索日志的商品词发现

商品词是电子商务领域描述商品的新词。主要介绍基于购物网站用户搜索日志的商品词发现的方法。该方法从搜索日志中提取用户查询,对查询进行分词,采用N元递增分步算法和串频统计,计算候选串的条件概率,选择候选商品词。为了降低人工审核的成本,只对产出商品词的准确率进行评价。利用该方法在手机、面霜和香水三类商品的搜索日志上进行了实验,最高准确率达到92.58%。     

Deployment optimization of the self-organized network on near space platforms based on the game theoretical learning algorithm

Aiming at the self-organized networking problem on near space (NS) communication platforms, a distributed optimization method for the deployment of the network on NS platforms is proposed based on the game theoretical learning algorithm. First, the self-organized network deployment on NS platforms is modeled as a potential game, and the optimizing objective is the network’s coverage area and the quality of service. Then the potential game can be solved by the Restricted Spatial Adaptive Play (RSAP) algorithm, which leads the game to a guaranteed Nash equilibrium with convergence in probability. The Nash equilibrium is the extremal solutions to the objective function of the deployment optimization. The game theoretical learning method enables NS platforms to be deployed in a distributed way without the global information on regions to be covered. Simulation results show that the proposed optimization method deploys the nodes of the MANET on demand, and can quickly achieve the optimal configuration.     

基于PSVM的主动学习肿块检测方法

肿块区域通常形态各异、差异性较大,并且与正常组织相比没有明显的区别,严重影响了肿块自动检测系统的性能.为了能够有效地提高乳腺X线图像中肿块的检测灵敏度,通过引入包含了样本间相互制约关系的具有成对约束的SVM (PSVM)算法,提出了一种基于PSVM 的主动学习机制.其中,由系统根据样本的不确定性和相互之间的特征匹配距离,主动选择应该反馈给训练集的成对样本.实验结果表明,这种基于PSVM的主动学习方法,能够充分利用样本所包含的信息,使得检测方法具有更好的推广能力和检测性能.     

Buck三电平变换器

提出一种Buck三电平变换器 ,该变换器中开关管的电压应力为输入电压的一半 ,采用交错控制方式 ,可以大大减小输出滤波器的大小 ,详细分析Buck三电平变换器的工作原理 ,分析该变换器的输入输出特性 ,讨论主要参数的设计 ,提出一种使输入分压电容电压均衡的方法 ,并进行实验验证。     

灯泡贯流式水轮发电机通风的研究和计算

本文用分布集中参数的构成通风网络，用函数风阻法建立多回路非线性方程一，对灯泡贯流式水轮发电机的通风系统进行综合的分析计算，并要根据计算的结果，提出了一些合理化建议。