Numerical study on the influence of centroid-to-buoyancy center ratio on the motion stability of supercavitating vehicle

In order to study and solve the influence of the change of the position of the centroid of the supercavitating vehicle on the motion stability, the influence law of the position of the centroid of the supercavitating vehicle on the motion stability is found, and the quantitative criterion that can guide the design of the supercavitating vehicle is summarized. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the dynamic mesh technology combined with the volume of fluid multiphase flow model and the rigid body six degrees of freedom motion calculation model is used to carry out the supercavitating vehicle motion and supercavitating flow field coupling numerical simulation research for supercavitating vehicles with different cavitator shapes. The results show that the position relationship between the centroid position and the buoyancy position has a great influence on the motion stability of the vehicle. When the center of buoyancy is before the center of mass, the vehicle is unstable; when the center of buoyancy is behind the center of mass, the vehicle sails stably, and when the position of buoyancy action coincides with the center of mass, the amplitude of the tail beat of the vehicle is the smallest, and the navigation is the most stable, which is the best position of the centroid. In this article, the concept of centroid-to-buoyancy center ratio is proposed. The so-called centroid-to-buoyancy center ratio refers to the ratio of the length from the centroid to the top of the head of the supercavitating vehicle to the length from the center of buoyancy to the top of the head of the vehicle. When the centroid-to-buoyancy center ratio fluctuates in the range of [0.8–1], it is an ideal condition for the stable navigation of the vehicle. When the centroid-to-buoyancy center ratio is in the range of (0, 0.8), the tail beat frequency is high, which accelerates the kinetic energy consumption and the rapid instability of the vehicle. Therefore, under the same constraint conditions, it is not that the closer the center of mass is, the better the stability of the vehicle motion is. The optimal centroid position is not a certain “point,” but a “periodic fluctuation interval” that changes with the buoyancy center.     

石墨/紫铜低温连接接头界面组织和性能分析

石墨与金属焊接是实现材料性能优越化的有效途径。从介绍石墨与金属焊接技术需求和难点出发,重点综述了石墨与铝合金、铜合金以及其他合金钎焊、扩散焊连接领域的研究进展,总结了钎焊、扩散焊技术实现石墨与金属有效冶金结合的机理,分析了活性钎料在钎焊过程中的作用以及润湿性研究成果,简单概括了石墨与金属的连接性能,最后指出了当前焊接存在的问题、钎焊和扩散焊技术未来的发展方向,为进一步深入研究及工程应用提供理论基础及技术支撑。

     

强相干干扰下微弱信号波达方向估计

针对强相干干扰环境影响微弱信号的波达方向(Direction Of Arrival, DOA)问题,提出了一种均匀线阵下的微弱信号DOA估计算法.精确估计强干扰源的个数和入射方向,将阵列划分成两个虚拟子阵,利用微弱信号的参考入射方向,在子阵上进行波束形成来抑制干扰并提高待估计信号的信干噪比,使用比相单脉冲进行DOA估计,同时对子阵波束形成和DOA估计进行迭代运算以提高微弱信号的DOA估计精度.该方法提高了阵列对抗相干干扰的能力,同时对微弱信号的DOA进行有效的估计.理论分析和计算机仿真结果验证了算法的正确性和有效性.     

等离子体散射分析的改进型交替隐式时域方法

提出了一种改进的交替隐式时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,运用该方法分析了等离子体涂覆导体圆柱的散射特性,为等离子体隐身技术的运用提供了一定的理论指导.该方法在整个问题空间采用完整场形式的场量进行迭代计算,并运用中心差分格式离散极化电流密度辅助方程.仿真实验表明,提出的算法具有无条件稳定特性,其计算效率明显优于以往文献提出的交替隐式FDTD方法,在精度和效率上也稍高于普通的显式FDTD方法.     

远东拟沙丁鱼蛋白多肽(Sardinops sagaxp olypeptide)的制备及其对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

以远东拟沙丁鱼为原料,采用动物蛋白水解酶和风味酶联合水解,通过膜分离等工序制备远东拟沙丁鱼蛋白多肽(Sardinops sagax Polypeptide/SSP),测定其分子量的分布,以生化水平上对酪氨酸酶的抑制率、细胞水平上对小鼠B16细胞中酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素含量的抑制率为检测指标,研究SSP对酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成的影响。结果显示:SSP的重均分子量为1664 u,其分子量区间主要为500~3000 u;无论是在生化水平还是细胞水平上,SSP对酪氨酸酶都具有一定的抑制作用,且SSP还能在一定程度上抑制细胞中黑色素的合成,这一结果表明了SSP具有一定的美白功能,有望作为无毒副作用的天然酪氨酸酶抑制剂,在医药、食品、化妆品等行业具有广泛的应用前景。      

丁香和青花椒精油在酱卤鸭肉保鲜中的应用

以酱卤鸭肉为研究对象,将丁香精油和青花椒油应用于热封包装的酱卤鸭肉保鲜,研究酱卤鸭肉在4℃冷藏过程中的感官品质、理化品质和微生物品质的变化。结果表明:采用丁香精油(0.05 g/kg)和青花椒油(0.1 g/kg)对酱卤鸭肉进行二次拌料,在不影响产品风味和质地的情况下,与空白组相比,在贮藏过程中,添加组的挥发性盐基氮(TVBN值)明显低于空白组,前期的2~6 d,添加组对脂肪氧化有一定的抑制效果,酱卤鸭肉保质期由10 d延长至12 d。丁香精油与青花椒油对酱卤鸭肉的保鲜具有抗氧化和抑菌作用。      

Expression Patterns and Gonadotropin Regulation of the TGF-β II Receptor (Bmpr2) during Ovarian Development in the Ricefield Eel Monopterus albus

Bmpr2 plays a central role in the regulation of reproductive development in mammals, but its role during ovarian development in fish is still unclear. To ascertain the function of bmpr2 in ovarian development in the ricefield eel, we isolated and characterized the bmpr2 cDNA sequence; the localization of Bmpr2 protein was determined by immunohistochemical staining; and the expression patterns of bmpr2 in ovarian tissue incubated with FSH and hCG in vitro were analyzed. The full-length bmpr2 cDNA was 3311 bp, with 1061 amino acids encoded. Compared to other tissues, bmpr2 was abundantly expressed in the ovary and highly expressed in the early yolk accumulation (EV) stages of the ovary. In addition, a positive signal for Bmpr2 was detected in the cytoplasm of oocytes in primary growth (PG) and EV stages. In vitro, the expression level of gdf9, the ligand of bmpr2, in the 10 ng/mL FSH treatment group was significantly higher after incubation for 4 h than after incubation for different durations. However, bmpr2 expression in the 10 ng/mL FSH treatment group at 2 h, 4 h and 10 h was significantly lower. Importantly, the expression level of bmpr2 and gdf9 in the 100 IU/mL hCG group had similar changes that were significantly decreased at 4 h and 10 h. In summary, Bmpr2 might play a pivotal role in ovarian growth in the ricefield eel, and these results provide a better understanding of the function of bmpr2 in ovarian development and the basic data for further exploration of the regulatory mechanism of gdf9 in oocyte development.     

Circ_0011129 Encapsulated by the Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Stem Cells Ameliorate Skin Photoaging

Photoaging is not only the main cause of skin aging caused by exogenous factors, it is also related to a variety of skin diseases and even malignant tumors. Excessive and repeated exposure to ultraviolet radiation, especially UVA induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and collagen and elastin degeneration, ultimately leads to skin photoaging, manifested by skin redness, coarse wrinkles, and pigmentation even skin cancer. There has been a large demand of effective prevention and medications but approaches in the current management of photoaging are very limited. In the previous study, we found that a non-coding circular RNA circ_0011129 acts as a miR-6732-5p adsorption sponge to inhibit the reduction of type I collagen and the denaturation and accumulation of elastin in UVA-induced HDF cells photoaging model. However, in vivo instability and efficient delivery to the target cell of circRNA is a major challenge for its clinical application. Therefore, improving its stability and delivery efficiency are desired. In this study, we proposed a strategy of delivering circ_0011129 with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) to intervene in the photoaging process. The results showed that sEVs from hADSCs in 3D bioreactor culture (3D-sEVs) can prevent photoaging. Consequently, by overexpressing circ_0011129 in hADSCs, we successfully loaded it into 3D-sEVs (3D-circ-sEVs) and its protective effect was better. Our studies provide a novel approach to preventing skin photoaging, which has important clinical significance and application value for the development of non-coding RNA drugs to treat skin photoaging. We first screened out hADSCs-derived sEVs with excellent anti-oxidant effects. We then compared the sEVs collected from traditional 2D culture with 3D bioreactor culture. By miRNA-seq and GEO data analysis, we found that miRNAs in 3D-sEVs were enriched in cell activities related to apoptosis, cellular senescence, and inflammation. Subsequently, we prepared circ_0011129-loaded 3D-sEVs (3D-circ-sEVs) by overexpressing it in hADSCs for the treatment of photoaging in vitro. We proved that 3D-circ-sEVs can interfere with the process of cell photoaging and protect cells from UVA radiation damage, as well as in a H2O2-induced oxidative stress model.     

Lactoferrin Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma in Mice through Reducing Dendritic-Cell-Derived Th2 Cell Responses

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with symptoms such as expiratory airflow narrowing and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Millions of people suffer from asthma and are at risk of life-threatening conditions. Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein with multiple physiological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumoral activities. LF has been shown to function in immunoregulatory activities in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of LF in AHR and the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) and Th2-related responses in asthma. Twenty 8-week-old male BALB/c mice were divided into normal control (NC), ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized, and OVA-sensitized with low dose of LF (100 mg/kg) or high dose of LF (300 mg/kg) treatment groups. The mice were challenged by intranasal instillation with 5% OVA on the 21st to 27th day after the start of the sensitization period. The AHR, cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and pulmonary histology of each mouse were measured. Serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 and OVA-specific splenocyte responses were further detected. The results showed that LF exhibited protective effects in ameliorating AHR, as well as lung inflammation and damage, in reducing the expression of Th2 cytokines and the secretion of allergen-specific antibodies, in influencing the functions of DCs, and in decreasing the level of Th2 immune responses in a BALB/c mouse model of OVA-induced allergic asthma. Importantly, we demonstrated that LF has practical application in reducing DC-induced Th2 cell responses in asthma. In conclusion, LF exhibits anti-inflammation and immunoregulation activities in OVA-induced allergic asthma. These results suggest that LF may act as a supplement to prevent asthma-induced lung injury and provide an additional agent for reducing asthma severity.     

TRPV4 Promotes Metastasis in Melanoma by Regulating Cell Motility through Cytoskeletal Rearrangement

The abnormal expression of Transient Receptor Potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) is closely related to the progression of multiple tumors. In addition, TRPV4 is increasingly being considered a potential target for cancer therapy, especially in tumor metastasis prevention. However, the biological correlation between TRPV4 and tumor metastasis, as well as the specific role of TRPV4 in malignant melanoma metastasis, is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of TRPV4 in melanoma metastasis through experiments and clinical data analysis, and the underlying anticancer mechanism of Baicalin, a natural compound, and its inhibitory effect on TRPV4 with in vivo and in vitro experiments. Our findings suggested that TRPV4 promotes metastasis in melanoma by regulating cell motility via rearranging the cytoskeletal, and Baicalin can inhibit cancer metastasis, whose mechanisms reverse the recruitment of activated cofilin to leading-edge protrusion and the increasing phosphorylation level of cortactin, which is provoked by TRPV4 activation.