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991.
Results of a study are reported on the utilization of ground vulcanizate, which is a waste product of rubber prcoessing plants. Loaded stocks of various commercial rubbers act as objects for the study. Talc, kaolin, silicon dioxide, and furnace carbon black are used as fillers. According to the results of a study on the effect of the amount of rubber crumb, an increase in the content of unmodified crumb leads to a decrease in tear resistance that is associated with poor wettability. To increase wettability, we use organosilicon couplings. It is shown that the addition of vulcanizate to rubber stocks, together with highly dispersed fillers treated with organosilicon couplings, leads to a significant increase in tear resistance and makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of production and utilization. 相似文献
992.
993.
An anisotropic theory of elasticity for continuum damage mechanics 总被引:47,自引:0,他引:47
This paper presents the development of an anisotropic elastic damage theory. This is achieved by deriving a modified damage effect tensor M(D) for the effective stress equations capable of including the effect of anisotropic material damage. The modified tensor removes the restriction of a priori knowledge of the directions of principal stresses imposed by a damage effect tensor developed earlier and can now be made for general practical engineering applications of failure analysis. Reduction of the proposed tensor to a scalar for isotropic damage is shown to be possible when it is expressed not only in the principal directions but also in any arbitrary coordinate system, a necessary condition to verify the validity of the proposed tensor. Uniaxial tension and pure torsion are chosen to illustrate the application of the theory as well as associated damage variables that may be experimentally determined using laboratory size specimens. The measured damage variables confirm the presence of anisotropic damage from an initially isotropic material specimen and the magnitude is more pronounced at higher stresses and strains.
Résumé On présente un développement d'une théorie sur l'endommagement élastique anisotrope en déduisant un tenseur modifié décrivant l'effet de l'endommagement pour un système d'équations de contraintes effectives susceptible d'inclure l'effet d'un endommagement dans un matériau anisotrope. Le tenseur modifié supprime la restriction de la connaissance a priori des directions des contraintes principales imposées par un tenseur d'effet d'endommagement développé précédemment; il peut à présent entrer dans les applications pratiques en construction de l'analyse des ruptures.On montre qu'il est possible de réduire le tenseur proposé à une valeur scalaire dans le cas d'un dommage isotrope, dès lors qu'il est exprimé non seulement suivant les directions principales, mais dans un système de coordonnées arbitraires, ce qui est une condition nécessaire pour en vérifier la validité.On choisit une traction multiaxiale et une torsion pure pour illustrer l'application de la théorie ainsi que des variables d'endommagement associées, susceptibles d'être déterminées expérimentalement à l'aide d'éprouvettes de laboratoire.Les variables d'endommagement mesurées confirment la présence d'un dommage anisotrope dans le cas d'une éprouvette d'un matériau initialement isotrope; son amplitude est plus prononcée à des contraintes ou des déformations plus importantes.相似文献
994.
V. D. Belik R. V. Litvin M. S. Koval’chenko 《Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics》2006,45(11-12):593-598
The influence exerted by electric-spark spraying on the kinetics of mass transfer and the physicomechanical properties of coatings is investigated. It is shown that electric-spark spraying is determined by the dynamic properties of the cathode jets, which depend on the electrical parameters of the spark discharge, the size of the interelectrode interval, and the physical properties of the coatings, which vary during spraying. 相似文献
995.
Y. Yang B. F. Wang J. Xiong Y. Zeng Z. P. Chen X. Y. Yang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(10):3131-3137
The microstructure and microtexture in adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) on the titanium side in the titanium/mild steel explosive
cladding interface are investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/electron backscattered diffraction
(SEM/EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Highly elongated subgrains and fine equiaxed grains with low dislocation
density are observed in the ASBs. Microtextures (25 deg, 75 deg, 0 deg), (70 deg, 45 deg, 0 deg), and (0 deg, 15 deg, 30 deg)
formed within the ASBs suggest the occurrence of the recrystallization. The grain boundaries within ASBs are geometrically
necessary boundaries (GNBs) with high angles. Finite element computations are performed to obtain the effective strain and
temperature distributions within the ASBs under the measured boundary conditions. The rotation dynamic recrystallization (RDR)
mechanism is employed to describe the kinetics of the nanograins’ formation and the recrystallized process within ASBs. During
the deformation time (about 5 to 10 μs), the following processes take place: dislocations accumulate to form elongated cell
structures, cell structures break up to form subgrains, and subgrains rotate and finally form recrystallized grains. The small
grains within ASBs are formed during the deformation and do not undergo significant growth by grain boundary migration after
deformation. 相似文献
996.
V. G. Kashakashvili S. Ya. Kurashvili A. G. Gordeziani A. N. Gagnidze 《Metallurgist》2006,50(1-2):36-38
A unit for making L-class high-strength pump-compressor tubing composed of low-carbon, low-alloy steels of type 15GFB is now
being used on the 140 mill in the tube-rolling shop at the Rustavi Metallurgical Plant. The steel 15GFB pump-compressor tubing
made by the technology that was developed has the following service properties: σy = 630–670 N/mm2, σu = 730–780 N/mm2, δ = 18–22%, ψ = 55–60%, KCU = 1.6–2.2 MJ/m2. The percentage of ductile fracture at room temperature is 85–95%.
__________
Translated from Metallurg, No. 1, pp. 79–80, January, 2006. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
1000.
Correlations between each of two parameters of empirical relationships describing arrays of experimental data on the long-term strength, creep, multi- and low-cycle fatigue, and the growth of fatigue cracks are established. Well-defined relationships between parameters within each array make it possible to reduce significantly the required volume of material tests. The physical essence of the observed correlations is associated with the thermally active nature of damage processes, which accompany each form of material tests. It is demonstrated that the pattern of the dependence of correlating empirical parameters on fundamental characteristics of thermally activated damage processes can be established for all types of tests under consideration: the height of the potential barrier, the frequency factor, etc. For all types of tests, analytical predictions are in good qualitative agreement with correlations observed in experiment.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 6, pp. 3–9, June, 1994. 相似文献