Phosphorus Removal from Silicon by Vacuum Refining and Directional Solidification

Silicon is widely used as a raw material for production of solar cells. As a major impurity in silicon, phosphorus must be removed to 1 × 10^?5 wt.%. In the present study, based on the distribution of phosphorus in a silicon ingot obtained by vacuum refining and directional solidification, the mechanism for removal of phosphorus from silicon is investigated. The results show that the distribution is controlled not only by segregation at the solid–liquid interface but also by evaporation at the gas–liquid interface, showing some deviation from Scheil’s equation. A modified model which considers both segregation and evaporation is used to simulate the distribution, matching quite well with the experimental results. The temperature and solidification rate are two important parameters that affect the overall mass transfer coefficient and the effective segregation coefficient and thus the distribution of phosphorus. A high removal efficiency and a homogeneous distribution can be obtained by adjusting these two parameters.     

Global Robust Sliding Mode Control for Time-Delay Systems with Mismatched Uncertainties

A novel robust sliding mode control method for time-delay systems with mismatched uncertainties is presented, taking into consideration of both the norm-bounded mismatched uncertainties in the input matrix and the unknown input disturbance. First of all, an original time-delay system is changed into a new form without time delay via a nonsingular transformation, based on which, an integral sliding mode controller is then designed in the form of linear matrix inequalities, to guarantee the existence of the sliding motion from the initial time. In order to estimate the upper bound of unknown input disturbance, a new adaptive law is also proposed. Finally, a numerical simulation case is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

铜药型罩模锻成型的数值模拟研究

运用DEFORM数值模拟软件,对铜药型罩锻造过程进行数值模拟。分析模锻中温度场、应力、应变、应变速率等参数的变化情况,预测最终的锻造变形组织,为优化锻造成形工艺提供理论基础。并且与实际锻造条件下的铜药型罩组织进行比较,二者吻合的较好,取得理想的效果。     

一种新型高压光电旋转连接器的绝缘设计

光电旋转连接器是实现2个相对旋转机构间的光通讯、电动力连续传递的精密装置,由于耐高压,绝缘设计尤为重要。介绍了高压旋转连接器的绝缘设计,提出了一种结构尺寸较小的新型绝缘设计。     

基于虚拟仪器的频率测量研究

阐述了一种基于虚拟仪器的正弦信号频率测量设计方案.结合相关原理和求导原理,提出了一种新的频率测量算法,该设计方案已成功应用于某型导弹的自动测试系统.实践证明,这项技术能提高测量精度,同时也能降低费用.     

The design of spin filter junction in zigzag graphene nanoribbons with asymmetric edge hydrogenation

Using the non-equilibrium Green’s function method combined with the density functional theory, we investigate the electronic transport properties of a heterostructure based on zigzag graphene, This heterostructure consists of H2–NZGNR–H and H–NZGNR–H. Results show that a perfect dual spin filtering effect can be realized with the parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP) magnetiesm configuration, and some magnetic domain walls (DW) at the interface between two component ribbons. The magnetic moments, DOS and PDOS, the transmission pathways and LDOS demonstrate that the edge of C–H2 bonds have important effects for magnetic and spin dependent transport properties compared to the edge of C–H bonds. Our results show that the H2–ZGNR–H/H–NZGNR–H heterostructure holds promise for magneto electronics devices which can keep steady properties when change the widths of the two component ribbons.     

Designing novel reversible BCD adder and parallel adder/subtraction using new reversible logic gates

Reversible logic has received much attention in recent years when calculation with minimum energy consumption is considered. Especially, interest is sparked in reversible logic by its applications in some technologies, such as quantum computing, low-power CMOS design, optical information processing and nanotechnology. This article proposes two new reversible logic gates, ZRQ and NC. The first gate ZRQ not only implements all Boolean functions but also can be used to design optimised adder/subtraction architectures. One of the prominent functionalities of the proposed ZRQ gate is that it can work by itself as a reversible full adder/subtraction unit. The second gate NC can complete overflow detection logic of Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) adder. This article proposes two approaches to design novel reversible BCD adder using new reversible gates. A comparative result which is presented shows that the proposed designs are more optimised in terms of number of gates, garbage outputs, quantum costs and unit delays than the existing designs.     

Towards stable and efficient legged race-walking of an ePaddle-based robot

ePaddle mechanism is a novel hybrid locomotive mechanism designed for accessing terrestrial, aquatic and amphibious terrains with versatile locomotion gaits. Among those gaits, race-walking gait has a promised gait that is potential for achieving highly stable, and highly energetic efficient legged walking. This paper studies the motion planning method of this unique race-walking gait for an ePaddle-based quadruped robot. The standard gait sequence that consists of four phases is firstly presented. The selection of wheel-center trajectory for achieving the gait is then discussed based on kinematic models of the ePaddle module in these phases. Two motion planning methods are presented for an ePaddle-based quadruped robot to track planar path with the proposed race-walking gait. Stability and energetic performances of the proposed race-walking gait are discussed by evaluating duty factor of the ePaddle module, and by measuring stability margin and specific resistance of the robot. A set of simulations on tracking straight and circular paths verifies the idea of the race-walking gait as well as its stability and efficiency.     

Novel pyrene-based donor–acceptor organic dyes for solar cell application

Pyrene is an alternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of four fused benzene rings with a large, flat aromatic system, showing high thermal stability, extensive electron delocalization and electron accepted nature. In this work, pyrene was firstly employed as π-conjugated bridge to construct electron donor–π–electron acceptor (D–π–A) organic dyes, where diarylamine or indoline was used as donor, and cyanoacrylic acid as electron acceptor. The peryne-based dyes were employed as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, and give a short circuit photocurrent density (J_sc) of 12.1 mA/cm², an open circuit voltage (V_oc) of 0.71 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.71, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 6.1% under AM 1.5 conditions.     

Java虚拟机内存管理与优化策略

多年以来,人们使用工具来完成任务,直到最近我们的工具才开始变得越来越聪明,并且互相连接起来。微处理器已经出现在很多日常使用的物品中,并且越来越多地和网络有了联系。J2ME目标是在具有16位或32位处理器和总量不少于约128KB的存储器的微型设备上运行JAvA程序。但由于硬件和软件方面的限制,为了给应用程序尽可能的空间和资源,让应用程序在虚拟机上流畅、稳定地运行,因而需要对这类嵌入式JAVA虚拟机进行优化处理,以提高其性能。对于JVW中代的划分、根集的确定和堆空间的分配、回收的新算法无疑能够优化虚拟机,提高其效率。