Stabilizing Bottom Side of Perovskite via Preburying Cesium Formate toward Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

The fragile bottom side of perovskite films is demonstrated to be harmful to the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because the carrier extraction and recombination can be significantly influenced by the easily formed strain, voids, and defects on the bottom side. Nevertheless, the bottom side of perovskite films is usually overlooked because it remains a challenge to directly characterize and modify the bottom side. Herein, a facile and effective strategy is reported to stabilize the bottom side via preburying cesium formate (CsFo) into the SnO₂ electron transport layer (ETL). It is found that the synergistic effect of cesium cation (Cs⁺) and formate anion (HCOO⁻) causes strain relaxation, void elimination, and defects’ reduction, which further facilitate the charge extraction. Consequently, the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of formamidinium (FA)-based PSCs is increased from 23.34% to 24.50%. Meanwhile, the ultraviolet (UV), thermal, and operational stability are also enhanced. Finally, formamidinium–cesium (FACs)-based PSCs are investigated to confirm the effectiveness of this preburied CsFo strategy, and the optimal device exhibits a champion PCE of 25.03% and a remarkably high fill factor (FF) of 85.65%.     

无线数据终端的电信设备检测情况研究

无线数据终端利用数字移动通信技术接入我国公共电信网，是数字蜂窝通信系统的重要组成部分。文中通过对无线数据终端的网络信息安全、互联互通及电磁兼容等功能的测试，来验证终端能否正常提供通信业务，是否具有相应的安全保障能力，以确保公共电信网络的正常运行。当前，数字移动通信技术包括SA，NSA，TD-LTE，LTE FDD，WCDMA，TD-SCDMA，cdma2000，CDMA 1X，GSM等，检测时需根据无线数据终端搭载的设备制式进行相应的测试。     

不同香辛料对低盐虾酱中微生物群落和理化性质的影响

为开发新型虾酱产品，扩展虾酱市场，分别将生姜、肉桂和紫苏添加到低盐虾酱中进行发酵。测定添加不同香辛料的低盐虾酱的理化指标，并利用高通量测序技术，探究香辛料的添加对虾酱中微生物多样性和群落组成差异的影响。结果表明，4种虾酱的水分和盐分质量分数范围分别为51.34%～61.77%和15.61%～17.71%。与对照虾酱相比，香辛料添加使虾酱的pH值和氨基酸态氮含量相对较低。肉桂和生姜的添加明显降低了挥发性盐基氮含量，分别降低了30.41%和10.28%，而紫苏的添加使挥发性盐基氮升高了9.98%。与对照虾酱相比，紫苏虾酱的真菌和细菌多样性都高，而肉桂和生姜的添加，使虾酱中细菌群落的丰富度降低，真菌群落的丰富度升高。差异菌群分析表明，生姜和肉桂的添加使虾酱中的四联球菌属、节担菌属的相对丰度较高，而使葡萄球菌属的相对丰度分别降低了99.32%和98.14%。紫苏虾酱中青霉属和曲霉属相对丰度较高。Pearson相关性分析表明，葡萄球菌属、节担菌属、红酵母属和青霉属与理化指标存在显著相关性，说明这些菌属在虾酱中发挥着重要作用。香辛料的添加改变了低盐虾酱中的微生物组成，丰富了虾酱种类，提高了虾酱的安...     

Engineering Single-Atom Nanozymes for Catalytic Biomedical Applications

Nanomaterials with enzyme-mimicking properties, coined as nanozymes, are a promising alternative to natural enzymes owing to their remarkable advantages, such as high stability, easy preparation, and favorable catalytic performance. Recently, with the rapid development of nanotechnology and characterization techniques, single atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with atomically dispersed active sites, well-defined electronic and geometric structures, tunable coordination environment, and maximum metal atom utilization are developed and exploited. With superior catalytic performance and selectivity, SAzymes have made impressive progress in biomedical applications and are expected to bridge the gap between artificial nanozymes and natural enzymes. Herein, the recent advances in SAzyme preparation methods, catalytic mechanisms, and biomedical applications are systematically summarized. Their biomedical applications in cancer therapy, oxidative stress cytoprotection, antibacterial therapy, and biosensing are discussed in depth. Furthermore, to appreciate these advances, the main challenges, and prospects for the future development of SAzymes are also outlined and highlighted in this review.     

Unveiling Interfacial Effects for Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Ruthenium Nanoparticles-Embedded Pentlandite Composites

Heterogenous catalysis is important for future clean and sustainable energy systems. However, an urgent need to promote the development of efficient and stable hydrogen evolution catalysts still exists. In this study, ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs) are in situ grown on Fe₅Ni₄S₈ support (Ru/FNS) by replacement growth strategy. An efficient Ru/FNS electrocatalyst with enhanced interfacial effect is then developed and successfully applied for pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The Fe vacancies formed by FNS during the electrochemical process are found to be conducive to the introduction and firm anchoring of Ru atoms. Compared to Pt atoms, Ru atoms get easily aggregated and then grow rapidly to form NPs. This induces more bonding between Ru NPs and FNS, preventing the fall-off of Ru NPs and maintaining the structural stability of FNS. Moreover, the interaction between FNS and Ru NPs can adjust the d-band center of Ru NPs, as well as balance the hydrolytic dissociation energy and hydrogen binding energy. Consequently, the as-prepared Ru/FNS electrocatalyst exhibits excellent HER activity and improved cycle stability under pH-universal conditions. The developed pentlandite-based electrocatalysts with low cost, high activity, and good stability are promising candidates for future applications in water electrolysis.     

High Strength and Ductility of a MgAg/MgGdYAg/MgAg Sandwiched Plate Produced by High-Pressure Torsion

Due to their unique precipitation behavior, magnesium-rare earth (Mg-RE) alloys exhibit excellent strength and high thermal stability. However, owing to the negative blocking effect of precipitation on dislocation slipping, the plasticity and ductility of Mg-RE alloys become deteriorate after aging treatment. In this work, a novel strategy to improve the combination of strength and ductility by designing a laminate heterostructured Mg alloy is proposed. High-pressure torsion (HPT) processing is employed to fabricate a clean and well-bonded interface between MgGdYAg and MgAg alloys. The two alloys have huge differences in precipitation hardening, and ductility is improved due to two facts. For one thing, the density of the second phases in the MgAg alloy is much lower than that of MgGdYAg alloy; for another, the non-basal 〈c + a〉 slipping is continuously activated during deformation. Through this mechanism, the uniform elongation of the heterostructured MgAg/MgGdYAg/MgAg alloy is improved to 7.1%.     

Fatty Acyl Sulfonyl Fluoride as an Activity-Based Probe for Profiling Fatty Acid-Associated Proteins in Living Cells

Fatty acids play fundamental structural, metabolic, functional, and signaling roles in all biological systems. Altered fatty acid levels and metabolism have been associated with many pathological conditions. Chemical probes have greatly facilitated biological studies on fatty acids. Herein, we report the development and characterization of an alkynyl-functionalized long-chain fatty acid-based sulfonyl fluoride probe for covalent labelling, enrichment, and identification of fatty acid-associated proteins in living cells. Our quantitative chemical proteomics show that this sulfonyl fluoride probe targets diverse classes of fatty acid-associated proteins including many metabolic serine hydrolases that are known to be involved in fatty acid metabolism and modification. We further validate that the probe covalently modifies the catalytically or functionally essential serine or tyrosine residues of its target proteins and enables evaluation of their inhibitors. The sulfonyl fluoride-based chemical probe thus represents a new tool for profiling the expression and activity of fatty acid-associated proteins in living cells.