改性木质素作BIIR交联剂

研究了羟甲基化木质素（HKL）对BIIR的交联。结果表明，在165℃或以上的温度下，BIIR／HKL混炼胶转矩随硫化时间的延长而上升，这是由于木质素与BIIR形成了交联网状结构所致。10份HKL在165℃交联BIIR达t90所需的时间为650s；当温度升至175℃，达t90的时间则为418s。随羟甲基化木质素质量分数提高，达到t90时间缩短。硫化胶主要物理机械性能同样表明这一体系已形成了三维网状结构。改性木质素在这一体系中，不仅有增强作用，而且可使BIIR橡胶交联。     

均匀超细Fe3O4磁流体的研究

实验研究了均匀超细Fe3O4磁流体的制备工艺，对所制得的系列磁流体进行了性能检测和结构表征。所得磁流体具有良好的稳定性和磁性能，根据电子衍射图计算了粒子的晶格常数，证明磁流体中的物质组成为Fe3O4，透射电镜(TEM)表明Fe3O4粒子细小而均匀，一般为6～8nm，具有良好的可重复性，为工业放大和产业化应用奠定了基础。     

Intel SoC处理器的I~2C总线IP核设计与应用

Intel SoC处理器E6x5C系列产品,作为多芯片的封装芯片,具有出色的灵活性。本文基于该处理器,利用Altera新一代集成开发工具Qsys,描述了I2 C总线IP核的设计过程,给出了IP核的系统接口和各个子模块的设计方法,并进行仿真和验证,最后将该IP核应用于模拟视频解码芯片SAA7113的配置及初始化。     

SPCE061A与AD9851的低频可控信号发生器

基于DDS直接数字频率合成技术原理,采用凌阳SPCE061A单片机作为人机界面控制单元和参数形成处理单元,首先以一片AD9851芯片为核心产生频率在10Hz~30 MHz可调、幅度稳定的正弦波、方波和三角波信号,然后通过一路可控模拟开关(使用AD7502芯片)选择波形输出。再通过外接键盘按键控制输出频率及频率步进,并通过LCD显示输出波类型、频率及电压幅度。该系统除具有基本函数信号发生器的主要功能外,还可控制输出频率在10Hz~1MHz之间变化的波型信号,同时还能够保障输出电平满足Vpp=(0~5V)±0.1V。在输出为50Ω负载的条件下,可实现频率在10Hz~1kHz范围内步进10Hz,在10kHz~1MHz范围内步进1kHz。在实验教学、生产等应用中,有一定的使用和推广价值。     

Selectivity of Supercritical CO<Subscript>2 </Subscript>in the Fractionation of Hake Liver Oil Ethyl Esters

The solubility of different ethyl esters derivatized from hake liver oil in supercritical carbon dioxide was studied. A selectivity factor was used to determine optimal conditions to fractionate the ethyl ester mixture. A strong influence of solvent pressure and temperature was observed within 8.63–18.04 MPa and 40–70 °C. The lowest total solubility of the ethyl ester mixture was obtained when using supercritical carbon dioxide at the lowest density (the lowest pressure and the highest temperatures value tested). The highest discrimination against long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g. EPA and DHA) was also obtained at these above conditions. Conversely, higher solubility and lower selectivity were obtained when solvent density increased. Considering this inverse correlation between selectivity and solubility, a single-step batch-fractionation process was designed to increase the 22:6 ethyl ester content from an initial value of 17.5% in the starting material to 55% in the final extract.     

Comparison of YAG: Eu phosphors synthesized by supercritical water in batch and continuous reactors

Luminescent yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y₃Al₅O₁₂) nanoparticles doped with Eu (10 at%) were synthesized in batch-type and continuous-type supercritical water (SCW) reactors. In the case of the continuous-type SCW method, the particles of YAG: Eu phosphors were much smaller and demonstrated a uniform spherical-like shape. Inversely, in the case of the batch-type SCW method, a needle-like or elliptical-like shape was formed because a finite amount of time was required to reach SCW conditions from ambient conditions. However, the emission intensity of YAG: Eu phosphors synthesized by using the batch-type SCW method was stronger. Therefore, it is concluded that the continuous-type SCW method is superior to the batch-type SCW method from the viewpoint of the particle size and shape, but the luminescence property of phosphors in the continuous-type SCW method needs to be improved. In addition, a calcination process slightly improved the luminescence intensities of YAG: Eu phosphors generated by using either the batch-type or continuous-type SCW methods.     

裂解汽油加氢装置二段反应器缺陷分析

对中国石油吉林石化公司300 kt/a乙烯装置汽油加氢二段反应器接管与筒体焊接接头的缺陷进行详细分析。阐明了缺陷的产生是由于在焊接过程中焊缝熔合区内形成马氏体、增碳层并伴有δ-铁素体的分解而使熔合区内及焊缝处的材质脆化。由于选用焊接材料的错误,产生较高的焊接残余应力致使焊缝开裂。分析了焊缝马氏体、增碳层及δ-铁素体分解的原因。     

Direct synthesis of electrorheological suspension containing salt of poly(methacrylic acid) and its electrorheological effect

Colloidal suspensions containing salts of poly(methacrylic acid) which exhibit high electrorheological (ER) activity were synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization. Factors influencing the ER effect were studied. The results showed that maximum yield stress occurred at optimum amounts of both polymeric stabilizer and crosslinking agent used in the inverse emulsion polymerization as well as a certain water content of the particles, while yield stress increased with electric field strength, average diameter of the particles below 0.9 μm, or the molar ratio of the salt to the acid. The ER activity for the suspensions containing different monovalent counter ions decreased in the following order: Li⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺ > NH₄⁺. The phenomena were discussed with the ionic polarization mechanism. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Simultaneous recovery of Pb and PbO2 from battery plant effluents. Part II

Results are reported of experiments and modelling of cathodic Pb and anodic PbO₂ electrodeposition, aimed at developing a process using both reactions simultaneously for treating aqueous effluents from lead–acid battery recycling plants. Pb(II) solubilities and equilibrium potentials were calculated as functions of pH and sulfate activities. Using kinetic parameters from the literature or determined experimentally, models were developed for current density–potential and current efficiency–potential relationships, together with the current density dependence of specific electrical energy consumptions for Pb(II) recovery. Experimental current density–potential and charge efficiency–potential relationships were in broad agreement with model predictions, with near unity current efficiencies for mass transport controlled PbO₂ deposition from electrolytes containing 1 mol Pb(II) m^–3 at pH 12. However, charge efficiencies for cathodic deposition of lead were typically 0.2 for 1 mol Pb(II) m^–3 + 1 mol O₂ (aq) m^–3; removal of dissolved oxygen was predicted and determined to increase current efficiencies to near unity. Pb(II) concentrations were depleted to <60 ppb in a batch recycle reactor system with graphite felt anodes and graphite or titanium felt cathodes. Simultaneous cathodic Pb and anodic PbO₂ electrodeposition resulted in more rapid Pb(II) depletion than for either reaction separately.