食品安全多功能快速检测仪应用调查

目的:了解市场上主流的食品安全快速检测仪器性能功效与适用范围。方法:用快速检测仪器对各类别影响食品安全的目标物进行检测。结果:食品快速检测仪在10-30分钟能定性检出农药、兽药、霉菌毒素和非法添加物以及食品添加剂,对农药残留,兽药残留的定性准确率达到100%,金属检测定量检测准确率为0%。结论:快速检测仪具备小型化、智能化、便携式的特点,适合基层部门日常监督及现场快速筛查检测的需求。     

Tungsten wires and porous NiAl prepared through directional solidification and selective dissolution

The combination of directional solidification and selective dissolution was applied to fabricate tungsten (W) wires and porous NiAl matrix. A NiAl–W pseudobinary eutectic alloy with 1.5?at.% tungsten was directionally solidified in a Bridgman-type oven at 1700°C. Results confirmed that the relationships of the growth rate with the interfibrous spacing and diameter of W fibrous phases in the directionally solidified samples are in accordance with the Jackson and Hunt (J?H) model. Afterward, the NiAl matrix was selectively dissolved in an HCl:H₂O₂ solution to reveal W wires, which present various three-dimensional (3D) morphologies at different growth rates. The W fibrous phases in the NiAl–W alloy samples were then selectively removed with a mixed etchant of ammonium acetate to form a porous NiAl matrix at a constant potential. Dynamic corrosion curves revealed that etching W from the NiAl matrix was inhibited after 2–3?h. The porous structures of NiAl after removing W phases are linked to the 3D morphologies of W fibrous phases embedded in the NiAl matrix. The aspect ratio of W wires and the structures of porous NiAl can be adjusted by selecting the process parameters of this combined technology.     

Characteristic analysis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified by oleic acid and undecylenic acid

Carbonization of magnetic polymer microspheres is one of the methods for the preparation of magnetic carbon materials. Fe₃O₄ magnetic particle characteristics considerably influence the magnetic content and size distribution of magnetic polymer microspheres. The characteristics of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles modified by oleic acid (OA) and undecylenic acid (UA) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic laser light scattering, thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry, vibrating sample magnetometer, and water contact angle. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles modified by OA and UA are nearly spherical and exhibit superparamagnetism. Fe₃O₄ particle size and saturation magnetization are slightly influenced by the OA and UA composition. OA and UA both are chemically adsorbed onto Fe₃O₄ as bidentate chelates. OA shows easier adsorption onto Fe₃O₄ than UA. OA groups have an expanded arrangement on OA@Fe₃O₄, whereas UA groups have a condensed arrangement on UA@Fe₃O₄. Particle lipophilicity decreases and particle clustering increases with decreasing OA content and increasing UA content on OA-UA@Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles.     

Catheter‐related fungal endocarditis caused by Candida parapsilosis in a hemodialysis patient

Fungal endocarditis (FE) is commonly regarded as a rare but fatal disease. The incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) in hemodialysis (HD) patients is thought to be obviously higher than that in the general population. Moreover, IE occurs more likely in HD patients with catheters. With the increase of HD population and extensive use of catheters in HD patients, FE, as a special form of IE, may increase and bring new challenges to clinicians. We reported a case of FE associated with catheter infection in a 44‐year‐old woman on HD. The risk factors and treatment strategies of FE in HD patients were discussed.     

Ultrathin Co3O4 nanosheets highly dispersed on reduced graphene oxide: An efficient bi-functional catalyst for Li-O2 battery

Ultrathin Co₃O₄ nanosheets grown on the reduced graphene oxide (Co₃O₄/rGO) was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and was investigated as a cathode in a Li-O₂ battery. Benefited from the synergistic effect between Co₃O₄ and rGO, the hybrid exhibits a high initial capacity of 10,528 mAh g^?1 along with a high coulombic efficiency (84.4%) at 100 mA g^?1. In addition, the batteries show an enhanced cycling stability and after 113 cycles, the cut-off discharge voltage remains above 2.5 V. The outstanding performance is intimately related to the high surface area of rGO, which not only provide carbon skeleton for the uniform distribution of Co₃O₄ nanosheets but also facilitate the reversible formation and decomposition of insoluble Li₂O₂. The results of electrochemical tests confirm that the Co₃O₄/rGO hybrid is a promising candidate for the Li-O₂ batteries.     

A Cost‐Efficient Bifunctional Ultrathin Nanosheets Array for Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting

The design of cost‐efficient earth‐abundant catalysts with superior performance for the electrochemical water splitting is highly desirable. Herein, a general strategy for fabricating superior bifunctional water splitting electrodes is reported, where cost‐efficient earth‐abundant ultrathin Ni‐based nanosheets arrays are directly grown on nickel foam (NF). The newly created Ni‐based nanosheets@NF exhibit unique features of ultrathin building block, 3D hierarchical structure, and alloy effect with the optimized Ni₅Fe layered double hydroxide@NF (Ni₅Fe LDH@NF) exhibiting low overpotentials of 210 and 133 mV toward both oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction at 10 mA cm^?2 in alkaline condition, respectively. More significantly, when applying as the bifunctional overall water splitting electrocatalyst, the Ni₅Fe LDH@NF shows an appealing potential of 1.59 V at 10 mA cm^?2 and also superior durability at the very high current density of 50 mA cm^?2.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of VO2 Polymorphs: Advantages,Challenges and Prospects for the Application of Energy Efficient Smart Windows

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) is a widely studied inorganic phase change material, which has a reversible phase transition from semiconducting monoclinic to metallic rutile phase at a critical temperature of τ_c ≈ 68 °C. The abrupt decrease of infrared transmittance in the metallic phase makes VO₂ a potential candidate for thermochromic energy efficient windows to cut down building energy consumption. However, there are three long‐standing issues that hindered its application in energy efficient windows: high τ_c, low luminous transmittance (T_lum), and undesirable solar modulation ability (ΔT_sol). Many approaches, including nano‐thermochromism, porous films, biomimetic surface reconstruction, gridded structures, antireflective overcoatings, etc, have been proposed to tackle these issues. The first approach—nano‐thermochromism—which is to integrate VO₂ nanoparticles in a transparent matrix, outperforms the rest; while the thermochromic performance is determined by particle size, stoichiometry, and crystallinity. A hydrothermal method is the most common method to fabricate high‐quality VO₂ nanoparticles, and has its own advantages of large‐scale synthesis and precise phase control of VO₂. This Review focuses on hydrothermal synthesis, physical properties of VO₂ polymorphs, and their transformation to thermochromic VO₂(M), and discusses the advantages, challenges, and prospects of VO₂(M) in energy‐efficient smart windows application.     

Polypyrrole Whelk‐Like Arrays toward Robust Controlling Manipulation of Organic Droplets Underwater

Whelk‐like polypyrrole (PPy) arrays film is successfully prepared by electropolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of low‐surface‐energy tetraethylammonium perfluorooctanesulfonate (TEAPFOS) as dopant. The underwater wettability of PPy whelk‐like arrays can be successfully tuned by electrical doping/dedoping of PFOS ions. Interestingly, CCl₄ droplets with microliter‐size as a representative sample are gathered together to form a larger droplet underwater at the potential of +0.8 V (vs Ag/AgCl), because PPy is in its PFOS‐doped states. Note that CCl₄ droplet can climb uphill successfully on the inclined whelk‐like arrays PPy film under the applied potential of ?1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl), which may be attributed to wettability gradient derived from different oxidation states of PPy induced by electrochemical potential. These results may provide a simple strategy for on‐demand manipulation of organic droplets underwater at low voltage.     

Epitaxial growth and thermal-conductivity limit of single-crystalline Bi2Se3/In2Se3 superlattices on mica

Nano Research - Thermal transport in superlattices is governed by various phonon-scattering processes. For extracting the phonon-scattering contribution of hetero-interfaces in chalcogenide...