Heat treatment of silica-fiber-reinforced BN-Si<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript> matrix composite

A new wave-transparent composite reinforced by silica fibers with a hybrid matrix comprising BN and Si₃N₄ was prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis, and it was heat-treated at elevated temperatures. The variations of the composite during heat treatments were characterized and investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The as-received composite exhibits good mechanical properties, and it is almost amorphous. When treated at 1600°C, it turned brittle, and silica fibers in it were fused; the composite showed a good crystalline form. When treated at 2100°C, the composite broke into pieces, and the composition showed only BN. Si₃N₄ was decomposed, and silica fibers were volatilized. The presence of BN probably affected the phase transitions of silica fibers. __________ Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 49–52, August 2007.     

Physical properties of polycaproamide/cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) polyblended fibers

Polycaproamide (PCA) and cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (CDP) polymers were blended mechanically (in ratios of 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) in a melt twin‐screw extruder to prepare three PCA/CDP polyblended materials. The blends of PCA and CDP were spun into fibers. The molar ratio of dimethyl 5‐sulfoisophthalate sodium salt for CDP was 2%. This study investigated the physical properties of PCA/CDP polyblended fibers with nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography, potentiometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), extension stress–strain measurements, density gradient analysis, and rheometry. The experimental results of DSC proved that PCA and CDP formed an immiscible system. In an SEM image of a 50/50 PCA/CDP blend, the morphological aggregation of a larger size, from 3 to 5 μm in diameter, was observed. The rheological behavior of the PCA/CDP polyblended materials exhibited negative‐deviation blends, and the 50/50 blend of the PCA/CDP polyblended fibers showed a minimum tenacity value. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1710–1715, 2004     

Influence of initial chain conformation on the formation of mesoglobule phase in a dilute heteropolymer solution

We have observed, for the first time, that when the initial chain conformation changed from coil to globule, the association of linear poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-sodium acrylate) chains could gradually change from a reaction limited to diffusion limited process, reflected in a change of the fractal dimension of the resultant aggregates from ∼2.5 to ∼1.6. Such an influence of the initial chain conformation has been overlooked in past studies of the formation of the mesoglobule phase in a dilute heteropolymer solution.     

南阳直馏柴油碱洗乳化的原因及对策

分析了南阳石蜡精细化工厂直馏柴油碱洗乳化的原因，介绍了该厂直馏柴油碱洗抗乳化措施，这些措施包括：优化操作参数，加强生产管理，深度碱洗柴油轻组分然后轻、重组分混合出厂。这些措施的综合应用彻底解决了南阳石蜡精细化工厂直馏柴油碱洗乳化的问题，又保证了柴油收率。     

花岗岩残积土-土工格栅界面的后循环剪切行为研究

花岗岩残积土在华南、东南沿海、南岳、新疆等地区广泛分布,前人的研究多集中在结构性及微观特性上,后循环加载、位移演化、土壤密度等因素对筋-土界面的剪切特性及加筋作用效果的影响评估研究较少。从循环试验剪切刚度这一重要参数入手,以加载次数、加载频率值、位移振幅值、土壤重度值为自变量,应用控制变量法,通过设计循环直剪试验,得到加筋花岗岩残积土的剪切应力与剪切位移、垂直位移与剪切位移关系曲线进行观察对比,结果表明:花岗岩残积土土工格栅界面剪切刚度受位移半振幅、土壤干重度影响很大,受加载频率影响很小,循环加载并没有弱化后循环界面剪切强度,剪切位移与位移半振幅呈负相关关系。     

Comparison of relative viscosity measurement of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water by glass capillary viscometer and differential dual‐capillary viscometer

The relative viscosity (RV) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with different molecular weights was measured with a glass capillary viscometer and with a differential dual‐capillary viscometer in water at different concentrations. For the differential dual‐capillary viscometer, RV increases with a decreasing flow rate, especially for high molecular weight PVP at a 1% concentration. A good agreement in the RV between the two methods can be obtained for PVP with different molecular weights and at various concentrations if an appropriate flow rate is selected for the differential dual‐capillary viscometer. Special precaution is needed when using the differential dual‐capillary viscometer to measure the viscosity of a pure solvent. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1312–1315, 2002     

Preparation and properties of heterocyclically conjugated poly(3‐hexylthiophene)–clay nanocomposite materials

A series of heterocyclically conjugated polymer–clay nanocomposite (PCN) materials that consisted of organic poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and inorganic montmorillonite (MMT) clay platelets were prepared by in situ oxidative polymerization with FeCl₃ as an oxidant. The as‐synthesized PCN materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide‐angle powder X‐ray diffraction (WAXRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of the material composition on the anticorrosion, gas barrier, thermal stability, flammability, mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity properties of the P3HT and PCN materials were studied by electrochemical corrosion measurements, gas‐permeability analysis (GPA), thermogrametric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and a four‐point probe technique, respectively. The molecular weights of extracted and bulk P3HT were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with THF as an eluant. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3438–3446, 2004     

Adsorption and desorption kinetics of hydrocarbons in FCC catalysts studied using a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). Part 2: numerical simulations

The factors affecting the adsorption and desorption kinetics in a TEOM are reviewed in detail with particular attention given to the assumptions required to obtain physical transport parameters from the data. Two models are presented to simulate TEOM adsorption data in the case that concentration differences down the catalyst bed can be neglected, as is appropriate when the amount of catalyst used is small, the carrier gas flowrate is large, and/or the adsorbate partial pressure is low. In the first model, the effective diffusion coefficient, D_e, is taken to be constant. In the second model, the effective diffusion coefficient is assumed to obey the Darken equation, D_e=D₀/(1−θ). The TEOM results obtained on n-hexane, n heptane, n-octane, toluene and p-xylene on a commercial FCC catalyst and on pure rare-earth exchanged zeolite Y under non-reacting conditions (373-) are analysed in detail. It is found that intracrystalline diffusion is not the limiting factor affecting the overall rates of adsorption and desorption for the systems studied. Instead, it is the transport of molecules between the adsorbed and vapour phases at the edge of zeolite crystallites that is the limiting transport step affecting the overall kinetics. For the FCC catalyst, the limiting step is the transport of molecules at the zeolite-matrix interface rather than, say, the matrix-vapour interface. Local rate constants for the desorption of the hydrocarbons at the rate-controlling interface have been obtained.     

Damping of vinyl acetate–n‐butyl acrylate copolymers

A photopolymerization process at room temperature was devised to copolymerize vinyl acetate (VAc) and n‐butyl acrylate (BA) mainly to prepare rubber‐like damping sheet bearing pressure‐sensitive adhesive property in this study. The investigations using both the differential scanning calorimeter and rheometric dynamic analysis show the existence of two glass transition temperatures for each copolymer. The scanning electron microscopic pictures reveal that the degree of microphase separation increases with increasing annealing time at 70°C. It was suggested that the rubbery domain (formed by the PBA blocks) disperses in the glassy domain (constituted by the PVAc blocks), making an effective damping entity. Excellent damping was observed for the copolymer samples, with the tanδ peak values as high as 1.76–1.80 at a certain temperature range and with tanδ> 0.3 at quite wide temperature ranges. In addition, the copolymers containing more VAc tend to have the higher damping. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1396–1403, 2004     

Enhanced corrosion prevention effect of polysulfone–clay nanocomposite materials prepared by solution dispersion

A series of polymer–clay nanocomposite (PCN) materials containing polysulfone (PSF) and layered MMT clay were successfully prepared by effectively dispersing inorganic nanolayers of MMT clay in an organic PSF matrix via a solution dispersion technique. The synthesized PCN materials were subsequently investigated with a series of characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide‐angle powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared PCN coatings with low clay loading (1 wt %) on cold‐rolled steel (CRS) were found to be superior in corrosion prevention to those of bulk PSF, based on a series of electrochemical measurements of corrosion potential, polarization resistance, corrosion current and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a 5 wt % aqueous NaCl electrolyte. The effects of material composition on the molecular barrier, mechanical strength and optical clarity of PSF and PCN materials, in the form of membranes, was also studied by molecular permeability analysis (GPA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and UV‐Visible transmission spectra, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 631–637, 2004