Rearrangeable nonblocking SOI waveguide thermooptic 4/spl times/4 switch matrix with low insertion loss and fast response

A rearrangeable nonblocking 4/spl times/4 thermooptic silicon-on-insulator waveguide switch matrix at 1.55-/spl mu/m integrated spot size converters is designed and fabricated for the first time. The insertion losses and polarization-dependent losses of the four channels are less than 10 and 0.8 dB, respectively. The extinction ratios are larger than 20 dB. The response times are 4.6 /spl mu/s for rising edge and 1.9 /spl mu/s for falling edge.     

Processes of the Collision Interaction between Ceramic Particles Being Crushed in a Circulation Pneumatic Crusher

A new circulation pneumatic crusher capable of producing submicron powders of refractory materials is presented. A mathematical model is constructed for the dynamic breaking of ceramic macroparticles. This model allows the basic laws of shock-wave crushing in the circulation pneumatic apparatus to be analyzed.__________Translated from Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, Vol. 39, No. 3, 2005, pp. 327–333.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Belov, Biryukov, Roslyak, Yugov, Afanas’ev.     

Criteria for evaluation of the hardening factor of machine parts

V. Ya. Chubar' Zaporozhe Machine Building Institute. Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 3, pp. 62–65, March, 1989.     

The solution of the inverse problem of gravitational potential using a set of measurements of different field elements

A numerical solution of the inverse problem of the gravitational field at a single point is obtained using six field elements for a point, a spherical cap, a differential spherical sector and a vertical segment. In the system of six equations obtained, the unknowns are the mass of the body, the depth of its center, and the second, third, and fourth degree moments. The accuracy of the solution of this system is ten times higher than when using three field elements. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 3–8, May, 2007.     

Effects of contact shape on biological wet adhesion

Wet adhesion is widely adopted in biological adhesion systems in nature. Wet adhesion is studied in this paper with the focus on the effect of different contact shapes (flat, concave, convex, and ring-like) on the adhesion force. The evolution of the liquid bridge between a fiber tip and substrate during the detaching process shows two transition points. The first transition from the radius-controlled to the contact-angle controlled process is critical to influence the strength and robustness of adhesion. We show that a concave shape is more effective than a flat one, while a convex shape has no advantage. A ring-like contact shape has advantages in a hydrophobic environment and on a rough surface.     

Vibrating Wire Thermometry in Superfluid 3He

We report systematic measurements of the response of a Vibrating Wire Resonator (VWR) in normal and superfluid liquid ³He. Special attention has been paid to the hydrodynamic regime of the superfluid B-phase, where the response parameters of the VWR do not follow a simple law. We show that a simple interpolation between the region where first order slip-corrections can be applied and the ballistic regime is insufficient. Measuring an empirical effective viscosity, we propose a temperature calibration method which allows the use of VWRs as a secondary thermometer at intermediate and high pressures in the temperature range 0.2 T _c < T < 50 mK.