电力施工现场多电能计量装置运行误差在线监测研究

智能电网建设规模的扩张,导致电力计量装置运行误差增大,提出了电力施工现场多电能计量装置运行误差在线监测方法。为提升其适用性,建立了多电能计量装置体系,分析了电能计量装置运行误差形成原因。通过获取电能计量装置运行误差监测特征向量,结合电子信息化系统与移动设备,构建电能计量装置运行误差经验库,实现电力施工现场多电能计量装置运行误差的在线监测。实验结果显示,与现有方法相比较,多电能计量装置运行误差在线监测方法监测响应时间更短,监测准确率较高,说明该方法运行误差监测效果更佳。     

Analysis of Hermite Lossy Nonuniform Transmission Lines Based on Hermite Function and Confluent Hypergeometric Function

The rigorous analytical solutions of the lossy Hermite nonuniform transmission lines (HNTL) are presented in this paper. These solutions are based on two special functions, namely, Hermite function and confluent hypergeometric function. The ABCD matrix of HNTL is given to obtain the corresponding frequency characteristic of the HNTL transformer. Through numerical simulations in different terminated cases, it is found that the lossless HNTL can be matched by resistance loads. This conclusion is different from the lossless one presented by D.torrungrueng. etc. In addition, the distributed power values of HNTL in the lossy case are calculated to show the attenuation character.     

大跨度斜拉桥三维脉动风场模拟

针对大跨度斜拉桥结构形式及振动型态的特点,结合自然风的相关特性,提出了一种简化的三维脉动风速场模拟方法,将实际面状的三维脉动风速场简化为多个线状的一维脉动风速场。基于谱解法,采用互谱密度矩阵Cholesky分解的显式表达,并运用FFT技术,以京沪高速南京长江大桥为工程实例,进行了三维脉动风场的模拟,并对模拟样本进行检验,结果表明模拟值与目标值吻合良好。     

Dynamics of wind-rail vehicle-bridge systems

An analytical model for dynamics of wind-vehicle-bridge (WVB) systems is presented in this paper in the time domain with wind, rail vehicles and bridge modeled as a coupled vibration system. The analytical model considers many special issues in a WVB system, which include fluid-solid interaction between wind and bridge, solid contact between vehicles and bridge, stochastic wind excitation on vehicles and bridge, time dependence of the system due to vehicle movement, and effect of bridge deck on vehicle wind load and vice versa. The models of wind, vehicles and bridge are presented with wind velocity fluctuations simulated using the simplified spectral representation method, with vehicles modeled as mass-spring-damper systems, and with bridge represented by a finite element model. The interactions between wind and bridge are similar to those considered in conventional buffeting analysis for long span bridges. In considering difficulties in measuring aerodynamic coefficients of moving vehicles on bridge deck, the cosine rule is adopted for the aerodynamic coefficients of moving vehicles to consider yaw angle effect, and expressions of wind forces on moving vehicles are then derived for engineering application. To include mutual effects of wind loads, aerodynamic parameters of vehicles and bridge deck are measured, respectively, using a composite section model test and a specially designed test device. The dynamic interaction between vehicle and bridge depends on both geometric and mechanical relationships between wheels of vehicles and rails on the bridge deck. The equations of motion of the coupled WVB system are derived and solved with a nonlinear iterative procedure. A cable-stayed bridge in China is finally selected as a numerical example to demonstrate dynamic interaction of the WVB system. The results show the validity of the present model as well as wind effects on the rail vehicles and the bridge.     

非饱和土的渗透特性试验研究

由于非饱和土的复杂性和多变性，其渗透特性明显不同于饱和土，并且试验难度较大。利用特制的非饱和土三轴仪对黄河大堤非饱和土的渗透特性进行了试验研究，为非饱和土渗透系数的直接测定奠定了基础。根据试验结果，得出了黄河大堤非饱和土土体在不同含水量下的围压．渗透系数关系及其变化规律，以及不同围压条件下质量含水量．渗透系数关系及其变化规律，同时，对其关系曲线模型进行了拟合，得出了相应的拟合函数。     

Analog Circuits Fault Detection Using Cross-Entropy Approach

This paper presents a novel method that can detect component faults in analog circuits. Because the probability density function (PDF) of output voltage (current) is sensitive to the components of the circuit, the cross-entropy between the good circuit and the bad circuit is employed to detect component faults in analog circuits based on the autoregressive (AR) model. In the proposed approach, the value of each component of the circuit undertest (CUT) is varied within its tolerance limit using Monte Carlo simulation. The minimal and maximal bounds of the cross-entropy are found for fault-free circuit. While testing, the cross-entropy is obtained. If cross-entropy lies outside the tolerance limit then the CUT is declared faulty. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated via the second order Sallenkey bandpass filter circuit and continuous-time low pass state-variable filter circuit.     

双浮动密封橡胶O形圈接触应力分析

针对双浮动密封橡胶O形圈接触过程应力的变化,建立双浮动密封二维轴对称非线性接触模型;利用有限元方法对O形圈进行应力计算,分析O形圈在不同压缩率、不同浮封座和浮动环的斜面角度及不同摩擦因数下的应力变化情况。结果表明:橡胶O形圈各应力最大值随压缩率的增加呈线性增大, O形圈内高应力分布区域随压缩率的增加而增大,并由接触部位附近向其中间位置扩散;摩擦因数对O形圈各应力影响很小,而浮封座和浮动环的斜面角度对O形圈等效应力和接触压力影响较大;随着浮封座斜面角的增加,等效应力总体趋于减小,接触压力先减小后缓慢增加,而剪切应力整体变化较小;随着浮动环斜面角的增加,等效应力、接触压力呈递增趋势,剪切应力曲线上下波动,但整体变化不明显。确定双浮动密封浮封座和浮动环斜面角度最优值,为双浮动密封结构设计提供了指导。     

Cryoprotective effect of soybean oil on surimi gels and the mechanism based on molecular dynamics simulation

The effect of soybean oil (SO) on freeze-thaw (F-T)-treated surimi was investigated and its related mechanism was revealed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results displayed that SO has a disrupting effect on the structure of fresh samples. However, in the F-T-treated samples, surimi gels supplemented with SO had a more uniform microstructure. Simultaneously, when SO was added from 0% to 7% in the F-T-treated samples, the gel strength increased from $46.66\text{to}51.86\mathrm{N}·\mathrm{mm}$ (p < .05), the physically bound water was increased from 92.90% to 94.15% (p < .05), and storage modulus was increased from 5939 to 6523 Pa. Triglycerides of SO generated hydrophobic interactions with myosin mainly in carbon chains. Computational results from MD simulations illustrated that the structure of myosin combined with triglycerides was more stable than that of myosin alone during temperature fluctuations (−20 to 4°C). During ice crystal growth, triglycerides absorbed on the myosin surface inhibited the growth of surrounding ice crystals and mitigated the ice crystal growth rate (from 7.54 to 5.99 cm/s). The addition of SO during the F-T treatments allowed myosin to be less negatively affected by ice crystal formation and temperature fluctuations and ultimately contributed to the formation of a more uniform network gel structure.     

冷藏过程中草鱼肌肉蛋白质特性的变化

将草鱼在4℃条件冷藏0、2、4、6、8、10 d后,提取并制备其肌肉蛋白质样品,以体积排阻色谱、流变仪、差示扫描量热法等方法分析其蛋白质分子量分布、持水性能、溶液黏度、热力学性质及肌动球蛋白盐溶性的变化。结果显示,随着冷藏时间的延长,草鱼肌肉蛋白质分子量总体变小,持水力、溶液黏度、肌动球蛋白溶出量均呈下降趋势,热变性焓先降低后升高;其中持水力冷藏前期下降剧烈,第8 d降幅达56.12%;黏度在低剪切速率下下降明显,在剪切速率20 s^-1条件下黏度由第0 d的0.89 Pa·s降至第10 d的0.05 Pa·s;肌动球蛋白的溶出量在冷藏前6 d下降趋势明显,冷藏第6 d时降幅达40.96%;冷藏后的蛋白质样品的DSC曲线出现两个吸热峰,其最大峰的起始温度和峰顶温度均在第6 d时最大,而热变性焓在第6 d时最低,表明冷藏第6 d是草鱼肌肉蛋白质变化的关键时间点。研究结果为了解冷藏过程中草鱼肌肉品质劣变机制提供了基础数据。     

冷等离子体技术对食品组分的影响及其作用机制

冷等离子体作为一种新型的非热加工技术,因其具有安全、绿色、能耗低等优点,在食品加工领域受到广泛关注。冷等离子体使用的气体在电离过程中产生的紫外线、活性物质（如活性氧、活性氮、羟自由基和离子）等会通过辐射/修饰作用使生物大分子发生刻蚀及交联,或对食品组分（脂质、蛋白质、淀粉等）的表面结构和官能团进行修饰,使组分结构发生变化,从而影响食品的品质、功能特性等。本文综述了冷等离子体作用对食品主要组分（蛋白质、脂质、淀粉）、维生素和多酚的影响及其可能的作用机制,并讨论了该技术存在的问题和未来发展的方向,以期为冷等离子体在食品工业的应用提供参考。