柴油机回水温度对燃烧过程影响试验研究

针对某柴油机在低温环境下工作频繁出现活塞烧蚀的问题,开展了回水温度对燃烧过程影响的试验研究。通过分析不同回水温度下燃烧压力变化特点,确定产生活塞烧蚀时缸内燃烧过程典型特征,初步建立了活塞烧蚀与燃烧过程的对应规律。试验结果表明：在1 500 r/min、70%负荷工况点,当回水温度分别为15 ℃、25 ℃和40 ℃时,燃烧压力剧烈振荡,循环平均的最大压升率达到25~40 MPa/ms,且最高燃烧压力已达到或超过许用爆压限值13 MPa,说明该工况点燃烧粗暴。循环分析结果表明：在回水温度为15 ℃和25 ℃时最高燃烧压力超过爆压限值13 MPa的循环数约占总循环数的33%,最大压升率最高值超100 MPa/ms. 回水温度的降低引起的燃烧粗暴是导致柴油机在低温环境下发生烧蚀故障的重要因素。     

高精度图像尺寸检测镜头畸变校正方法与实现

在高精度轴类零件尺寸图像检测中,提出了一种基于标准件法对镜头径向畸变进行快速校正的方法。该方法通过建立世界坐标转换到摄像机坐标、然后再转换到图像坐标的理想数学模型,并引入径向畸变参数,最终确立物体在世界坐标中与图像坐标中的映射关系,从而建立误差补偿曲线的高次拟合函数。利用得到的误差补偿函数的系数矩阵和径向畸变参数,实现镜头畸变的误差校正,有效改善了镜头畸变造成的检测误差。实验表明,该方法快速有效,提高了检测精度、降低了设备成本、检测精度可达2 μm。     

有机载体挥发特性对PTC陶瓷铝电极性能的影响

为了制备出满足铝电极性能要求的电极浆料,采用两种具有不同挥发特性的有机载体烧渗PTC铝电极,通过XRD和SEM研究了烧渗后铝电极的物相和微观形貌对电极性能的影响。结果表明:采用阶梯式挥发的有机载体制备的铝电极浆料,烧渗后的电极结构致密,假电阻小,|RAl-RIn-Ga|/RIn-Ga约为0.3%;抗老化性能优良,沸水中老化24h后,电阻变化率不超过2.3%,经400V交流电压冲击500h后,电阻变化率不超过1.0%。     

In对Sn9Zn钎料润湿性能的影响

为了提高Sn9Zn共晶钎料的钎焊性能,通过合金化的方法添加了少量元素In,制备了Sn9Zn-xIn钎料。从钎料合金的熔化特性、润湿特性、界面显微结构和母材粗糙度这四个方面评价了不同In含量对Sn9Zn钎料润湿性能的影响。试验结果表明:少量元素In的添加可以降低钎料的熔点;随着In含量的增加,钎料的润湿力增大,润湿时间缩短,润湿性有明显提高;In含量增加,润湿界面层中Cu5Zn8化合物层厚度增加;对母材表面进行毛化处理,通过改变母材表面的微观几何结构,增大钎料与母材的相对接触面积,从而改善钎料的润湿性能。     

Acetic acid gas sensors based on Ni2+ doped ZnO nanorods prepared by using the solvothermal method

Ni²⁺-doped ZnO nanorods with different doping concentrations are prepared via the solvothermal method. The doped ZnO nanorods are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The amount of Ni²⁺ ions that enter the lattice of ZnO increases with increasing the Ni²⁺/Zn²⁺ molar ratio when the molar ratio of Ni²⁺/Zn²⁺ in the starting solution is lower than 3% and does not change obviously if the mole ratio of Ni²⁺/Zn²⁺ in the starting solution is in the range of 3-10 mol%. The effect of Ni²⁺ doping on the gas-sensing properties is investigated. The results reveal that the amount of Ni²⁺ has a great influence on the response (R_a/R_g) and the gas-sensing selectivity. The sensor based on 1 mol % Ni²⁺ doped ZnO nanorods (120 ℃, 10 h) exhibits a high response to acetic acid vapor, in particular, the responses to 0.001 ppm and 0.01 ppm acetic acid vapor reach 1.6 and 2, respectively. The response time and the recovery time for 0.001 ppm acetic acid are only 4 s and 27 s, respectively.     

Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition Patterning Nitrogen-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Shape Tailorable and Flexible Micro-Supercapacitors

Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) as high-power density energy storage units are designed to meet the booming development of flexible electronics, requiring simple and fast fabrication technology. Herein, a fast and direct solvent-free patterning method is reported to fabricate shape-tailorable and flexible MSCs by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD). The nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (N-SWCNTs) are directly deposited on a patterned filter by FCCVD with designable patterns and facilely dry-transferred on versatile substrates. The obtained MSCs deliver an excellent areal capacitance of 3.6 mF cm⁻² and volumetric capacitance of 98.6 F cm⁻³ at a scan rate of 5 mV s⁻¹ along with excellent long-term cycle stability over 125 000 circles. Furthermore, the MSCs show good performance uniformity, which can be readily integrated via connection in parallel or series to deliver a stable high voltage (4 V with five serially connected devices) and large capacitance (5.1 mF with five parallel devices) at a scan rate of 100 mV s⁻¹, enabling powering the light emitting displays. Therefore, this method blazes the trail of directly preparing flexible, shape-customizable, and high-performance MSCs.     

An OFDMA-based joint reservation and cooperation MAC protocol for the next generation WLAN

Wireless Networks - The rapidly increasing use of mobile devices and the explosive growth of wireless traffic demands continuously drive the development of wireless networks. IEEE 802.11ax, as the...     

Creep Properties of Composite Solders Reinforced with Nano- and Microsized Particles

In the present work the creep properties of Sn37Pb- and Sn0.7Cu-based composite solders reinforced with metallic nano- and microsized Cu and Ag particles have been studied. First, a series of volume percentages of reinforcements were selected to optimize the content of reinforcing particles. Then, the composite solder with optimum volume fraction of reinforcement particles, corresponding to the maximum creep rupture lifetime, was selected to investigate the effect of applied stress and temperature on the creep rupture lifetime of the composite solder joints. In the creep rupture lifetime test, small single-lap tensile-shear joints were adopted. The results indicate that composite solders reinforced with microsized particles exhibit better creep strengthening than composite solders reinforced with nanosized particles, although the mechanical tensile shear strength of composite solder joints reinforced with nanosized particles may be higher than those reinforced with microsized particles. Moreover, the creep strengthening action of the reinforcement particles is more obvious under conditions of lower applied stress or lower test temperature. Strengthening by metallic Cu or Ag reinforcement particles decreases with increasing temperature or applied stress. The Sn0.7Cu-based composite solder reinforced with microsized Ag particles is a low-cost lead-free solder that is easy to process and may have good market potential.     

976 nm高效率半导体激光器

976 nm高效率半导体激光器是这几年研究的热点,在固体激光器泵浦领域有广阔的应用。通过优化半导体激光器材料外延结构中包覆层和波导层的铝组分,降低了工作电压;通过采用微通道水冷系统,并进行优化降低了热阻,从而提高了室温下的电光转换效率。25℃室温连续测试条件下,1 cm的线阵列(巴条),2 mm腔长,50%填充因子,在110 A下,出光功率为114.2 W,电压为1.46 V,电光转换效率为71%。15条微通道封装成的垂直叠阵,进行光束整形后,获得了室温976 nm连续输出功率1 500 W,电光转换效率大于70%。