Influence of polymerization conditions on the viscosity and yield of poly(phenylene sulfide ether)

High molecular weight poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPSE) was successfully synthesized by reaction of 4,4′‐dihydroxy diphenyl sulfide with 4,4′‐dichloro diphenyl sulfide in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP). The influence of polymerization conditions on the intrinsic viscosity and yield of PPSE was investigated and the optimized reaction condition was concluded. Reactions at about 180°C for 6 h along with sodium benzoate as an additive and monomer concentration of 0.588 mol/L NMP were found to produce the highest intrinsic viscosity (0.55 dL/g). Longer reaction time and/or higher temperature reduced the intrinsic viscosity and yield of the resulting product, probably due to side reactions, such as reductive dehalogenation and chemical degradation. X‐ray diffraction indicated that the polymer possessed of orthorhombic cell and had a high crystallinity of 65.8%. The high molecular weight PPSE is a crystalline polymer with T_m of 252°C and T_mc of 224°C. The polymer shows good chemical resistance, but is soluble in organic amide, halo‐hydrocarbon and oxohydrocarbon solvent at a temperature over 150°C. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

SnO2-TiO2/UV/O3催化降解糖蜜酒精废水

用沉积一沉淀法制备了SnO2-TiO2光催化剂,利用XRD、UV-Vi8等技术对其结构进行了表征.以糖蜜酒精废水为处理对象,采用自制的SnO2-TiO2作为光催化剂,研究了在紫外光条件下,稀释比、催化剂投加量、臭氧投加量和pH等因素对光催化臭氧降解反应的影响.结果表明:在紫外光照射、催化剂用量0.25g/L、通气流量30L/h的条件下,稀释20倍的糖蜜酒精废水经120min的处理,其脱色率达到98.57%;此外,还对催化降解糖蜜酒精废水的机理进行了探讨.     

化学除油除污器的改进及运行效果

对唐山钢铁股份有限公司第一钢轧厂浊循环水工艺中的主要水处理设备化学除油除污器的运行结果进行了分析.认为化学除油除污器存在设计缺陷.针对化学除电除污器存在的问题,对其进行了改造.改造后,其出水水质显著提高,运行效果良好.     

Sb对AM50-Y镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究合金元素Sb对AM50-Y合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入Sb后,合金晶粒明显细化,同时形成弥散分布的YSb相。YSb相作为异质形核核心,促进了细小弥散分布的Al2Y颗粒相的形成。随着Sb含量的增加,合金室温和150℃高温抗拉强度、延伸率及室温冲击韧性先上升后下降。当Sb含量为0.6%时,合金综合力学性能最好:合金室温抗拉强度、延伸率和冲击韧性分别为257MPa、9.9%和26J·cm-2,与未添加Sb合金相比分别提高了13.7%、15.9%和14.9%;合金的高温抗拉强度和延伸率达到203MPa和11.9%,分别提高了12.8%和15.5%。     

A Strategy of Liquid-Grafted Slippery Sponges with Simultaneously Enhanced Absorption and Desorption Performances for Crude Oil Spill Remediation

Crude oil spill accidents pose a worldwide environmental threat. Oleophilic and hydrophobic absorbents that can selectively absorb oil from water have shown promising application potential in oil spill remediation. Simultaneous optimization of the absorption and desorption speed of absorbents towards oil is highly desirable for their recyclable usage, but remains a great challenge, because these two properties are generally conflicting. Here, a facile and ingenious strategy is proposed to tackle the above challenge via surface modification of porous sponges with highly flexible linear polydimethylsiloxane (LPDMS) brushes. The LPDMS brushes feature liquid-like properties at room temperature owing to its extremely low glass transition temperature, and act as a covalently-grafted lubrication layer throughout the 3D network channels of the sponge, which can minimize contact angle hysteresis and reduce friction between oil and sponge channel. Compared to the prevalent cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane (CPDMS) modification strategy, sponges modified with LPDMS brushes not only shows significantly enhanced absorption speed, but also exhibits superior desorption dynamics towards viscous crude oils. The design strategy of slippery sponges with liquid-like molecules may open a new avenue for developing advanced absorbents with simultaneously enhanced absorption and desorption performances for liquid separation and purification applications.     

晶须增韧EVA/PE⁃LD/ATH复合材料的阻燃性能研究

制备了晶须增韧乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物/低密度聚乙烯/氢氧化铝（EVA/PE-LD/ATH）复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重分析仪（TG）、氧指数仪、锥形量热仪（CCT）、万能拉力机和高阻计等对添加不同晶须的EVA/PE-LD/ATH复合材料的微观结构、阻燃性能、力学性能和电学性能进行了表征。结果表明,ATH颗粒在复合材料中未出现明显团聚,复合材料中晶须呈交错分布并与基体界面结合致密;晶须对复合材料阻燃性能的提高源于晶须热解产物网络状骨架对炭层的增强作用;碱式硫酸镁晶须（MHSH）、硼酸铝晶须（ABW）和硫酸钙晶须（CSW）添加质量比为13.5∶6.75∶6.75的复合材料的800 ℃质量保留率为32.7 %,极限氧指数为26.8 %,热释放速率峰值为364.4 kW/m²,总热释放量为20.8 MJ/m²,总烟释放量为187.2 m²/m²,阻燃性能相对最优;MHSH具有降低复合材料热释放速率峰值、总烟释放量和增强复合材料拉伸强度的作用,而CSW能够延迟点燃时间,减弱出现轰燃的趋势,但增大了总烟释放量,同时,CSW还具有提高复合材料断裂伸长率的增韧作用;混合晶须对复合材料拉伸强度、邵氏硬度和电绝缘性能的影响有限。     

碳化与硫酸盐溶液干湿循环后混凝土断裂韧度

为研究劣化作用对混凝土断裂韧度的影响,通过碳化、硫酸盐溶液干湿循环单一及交替作用后混凝土切口梁三点弯曲试验,探讨了碳化时间、硫酸盐溶液干湿循环次数对混凝土断裂韧度的影响。结果表明:碳化和硫酸盐溶液干湿循环均会对混凝土断裂韧度造成一定程度的劣化,劣化程度因子小于1。随着碳化时间和硫酸盐溶液干湿循环次数的增加,断裂韧度呈减小趋势;单一劣化作用时,随着碳化时间和硫酸盐溶液干湿循环次数的增加,劣化程度因子减小显著,且碳化时间、硫酸盐溶液干湿循环次数与劣化程度因子之间分别满足近似指数关系;由于碳化和硫酸盐溶液干湿循环的交互影响,单一劣化作用对断裂韧度的劣化程度逐渐呈现大于交替劣化作用影响的趋势。在分析试验结果的基础上,建立了劣化作用后混凝土断裂韧度计算模式,该模式有助于分析劣化作用后混凝土裂缝扩展并预测其断裂韧度。     

灌区农业终端水价核算方法初探

新疆维吾尔自治区在推行以供水到户为切入点的灌区改革中,实行了从引水渠首至农渠出口“一价到户”的终端水价改革,有效地遏止了末级供水过程中搭车收费的问题。然而,斗渠以下供水末级渠系维护费缺乏统一的核算标准,影响了终端水价改革的推进。结合自治区末级渠系供水管理制度,确定末级渠系维护费的核算方法,可以对终端水价进行合理核算。     

漳泽水库实时洪水预报调度决策支持系统

文中介绍了防洪决策支持系统的基本概念，并且叙述了漳泽水库实时洪水预报调度决策支持系统的组成和应用情况。     

导向钻井工具冗余姿态测量与系统重构方法

为实现调制式导向钻井工具井眼轨迹的精确可靠控制,导向钻井工具井下姿态的实时测量至关重要。针对恶劣工况下测量系统可靠性差的问题,提出了一种非正交四轴重力加速度计的姿态测量方法,给出了对应的姿态参数求解和信号有效性判定公式。针对小井斜状态下姿态参数测不准问题,提出了四轴重力加速度计初始倾斜安装的非正交测量方法,显著提高了测量精度。针对井下恶劣工况中加速度计易损易失效问题,提出了双冗余非正交四轴重力加速度计测量方法,给出了双冗余重力加速度计关联信号的相互转换公式,讨论了依据信号特征判定重力加速度计故障的方法及故障诊断流程,并据此建立了系统重构方案。水力驱动测试实验表明,工具姿态测量准确,控制平台角度位置稳定。