甲硫基乙醛肟的合成工艺研究

本文研究了以乙醛肟为原料合成甲硫基乙醛肟的工艺。对各种因素对产品收率的影响进行了试验，找出了最佳工艺条件。经过工业性试验，证明本工艺安全可靠，收率稳定，产品质量好，经济效益高。     

非均相固定化酶促反应中“抗激发互交作用”的解析分析与定量计算

通过理论推导证明：在外扩散与化学抑制共存的非均相固定化酶促反应中，总有效系数η为外扩散有效系数ηｄｉｆ和化学抑制有效系数ηｃｈ的乘积，并且分别小于相应的ηｄｉｆ和ηｃｈ；从数学上解释了外扩散抑制和一般性化学抑制间所存在的“抗激发互交作用”。利用所得公式计算表明：底物浓度对外扩散与竞争性、非竞争性和反竞争性等不同化学抑制共存的非均相固定化酶促反应有明显不同的影响；扩散抑制均显著地影响非均相固定化酶促反应，使得反应体系的总有效系数随抑制作用的增加而明显减小，从而对这类反应有了更进一步的认识     

Carbon nanofibers: Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been synthesized by co-catalyst deoxidization process by a reaction between C₂H₅OC₂H₅, Zn and Fe powder at 650 °C for 10 h. These nanofibers exhibit diameters of ∼80 nm and lengths ranging from several micrometers to tens of micrometers. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicate that as-prepared CNFs possess low graphitic crystallinity. The resultant CNFs as electrode shows capacity of ∼220 mAh/g and high reversibility with little hysteresis in the insertion/deintercalation reactions of lithium-ion. In addition, the possible growth of CNFs is discussed.     

聚丙烯纤维水相异相接枝马来酸酐

本文研究了用水相异相法在聚丙烯纤维上接枝马来酸酐，用称重法测定接枝率，结果认为，随着反应中使用的马来酸酐和过硫酸铵浓度的提高，所得产物的接枝率显著提高，而反应温度和反应时间的影响则是开始随温度升高和时间延长接枝率上升，达到最大值后下降，在本实验中，各种反应条件下，都可以得到超过1．8％的接枝率。     

铵盐体系香波泡沫性能的研究

研究了两种铵盐型阴离子表面活性剂与烷基单乙醇酰胺、烷基二乙醇酰胺等复配体系在不同水硬度条件下的泡沫性能 ;考察了乳化硅油、羊毛脂、十八醇、珠光剂、香精、阳离子表面活性剂及聚合阳离子化合物等添加剂在香波体系中不同水硬度条件下对发泡性能的影响。实验条件下所有体系的稳泡性均较好 ,LSA与AESA复配后泡沫力增大 ,其中AE SA含量需 <1 0 % ;含烷基单乙醇酰胺香波体系的泡沫性能优于含烷基二乙醇酰胺的 ;羊毛脂和乳化硅油对香波泡沫的影响较大 ,而其它添加剂对香波泡沫的影响不大。     

纳米陶瓷及其纳米复相陶瓷的研究现状

综述了纳米陶瓷和纳米复相陶瓷的的研究现状．探讨了纳米陶瓷的力学性能及其热喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层存在的问题．分析了纳米复相陶瓷的增韧机理，为纳米陶瓷的研究和应用提供了理论依据。     

Preparation and characterization of porous carbon beads and their application in dispersing small metal crystallites

Porous carbon beads were prepared by the pyrolysis of poly(vinylidene chloride) beads that were synthesized by suspension polymerization. After prolysis treatment at 180–300 °C under argon stream, the polymeric beads were further carbonized at 1000 °C for 3 h under argon stream to acquire porous carbon beads, of which the specific surface area was about 1000 m²/g, and pore size was mainly in the width range of 0.8–1.2 nm. The carbon structure and surface chemical composition characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, depended on the preparation temperature and the relations between them were examined. The characterization of the carbon beads by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy presented the morphological structure of the carbon beads surface and a global view of pores. The dispersion of nickel crystallites on the carbon beads surface was characterized by electron microprobe analysis. This study reveals that uniform surface morphological structure leads to the fine dispersion of metal crystallites.     

固相法低度氯化聚乙烯耐老化性能的研究

用室温对折断裂试验,研究固相法低度氯化聚乙烯老化性能,当氯含量约为7.4％时,其老化时间发生突跃,老化时间发生突跃时,氯含量与试样的氯化温度和老化温度有关.     

Local orders,lattice distortions,and electronic structure dominated mechanical properties of (ZrHfTaM1M2)C (M = Nb,Ti, V)

High-entropy carbides (HECs) are regarded as potential candidate structural materials with attractive mechanical properties due to their ultra-high hardness. It is essential to reveal the atomic and electronic basis for strengthening mechanism in order to develop the advanced HECs. In the present work, C (M = Nb, Ti, V) are selected as case studies. The effects of transition metals (M) on the lattice parameters, bulk modulus, enthalpy of formation, electron work function (EWF), and bonding morphology/strength of HECs are comprehensively studied by first-principles calculations. It is found that the lattice parameters, equilibrium volumes, and bulk modulus of HECs are improved with the increase of M atomic volumes. The atomic-size differences among various groups of elements not only result in the lattice mismatch/distortion but also contribute to the formation of weak spots. In the view of bonding charge density, the electron redistributions caused by the coupling effect of the lattice distortion and valance electron differences can be revealed obviously, which identify the different bonding strength. Moreover, in terms of EWF, the proposed power-law-scaled hardness of HECs is validated and matches well with those reported theoretical and experimental results, providing a strategy to design advanced HECs with excellent mechanical properties.