Characterizing cyclic and static moduli and strength of compacted pavement subgrade soils considering moisture variation

Compacted soils are widely used as the subgrade layer for pavements. Knowledge of the mechanical properties of subgrade soils under cyclic and static loading conditions and their variation under the influence of environmental factors is required for the rational design of pavements based on mechanistic methods. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the cyclic and static moduli and the strength properties of seven different compacted Canadian subgrade soils considering the variation in the post-compaction moisture content. Cyclic triaxial tests were performed to reliably determine the resilient modulus (M_R). Unconfined compression tests, which allow an unloading-reloading loop at 1% strain, were performed to determine the deviator stress (S_u1%) at 1% strain, the reloading elastic modulus (E_1%) at 1% strain and the unconfined compressive strength (q_u) at failure. The physical properties, the chemical and mineralogical compositions, and the soil-water characteristics of these soils were also determined. Relationships were developed to predict the M_R from the S_u1%, E_1%, q_u and soil physical properties for the investigated subgrade soils because the experimental determination of M_R is both expensive and time-consuming. The studies presented in this paper provide useful information and approaches that can be used to promote the implementation of mechanistic pavement design methods using simple techniques.     

正六边形超高层建筑横风向气弹效应研究

为研究正六边形超高层建筑横风向风致响应和气动阻尼比,开展了一系列多自由度气弹模型风洞试验。测量模型顶部风致位移和加速度响应,基于随机减量法识别了横风向气动阻尼比。结果表明,在顶角迎风时,正六边形超高层建筑易于出现大幅涡振现象,在立面迎风时没有出现涡振现象。顶角迎风时,横风向气动阻尼比随折算风速增大呈现出“先增大到最大正值、再迅速转为最小负值,再平稳回升到零值附近”完整过程。而立面迎风时,横风向气动阻尼比与折算风速近似呈线性关系。最后,建立横风向气动阻尼比的经验评估公式。相关研究可为正六边形超高层建筑的抗风设计和规范完善提供参考。     

基于Carreau流变模型的渐开线齿轮摩擦因数研究

结合载荷分担概念和弹流润滑理论,研究润滑剂的流变性对渐开线齿轮油膜厚度、摩擦因数等润滑特性的影响;分别采用Carreau流变模型和Doolittle-Tait自由体积黏度模型描述润滑剂的剪切稀化特性及黏压关系,研究齿轮载荷、转速、表面粗糙度和润滑剂压黏系数对摩擦因数的影响。研究结果表明:不同的润滑剂剪切稀化特性不同,因此油膜厚度、油膜承载比例和摩擦因数均不同;摩擦因数随着转矩的增大先显著增大,当超过某一转矩值时,摩擦因数开始缓慢变化;摩擦因数随着转速的增加先显著减小,当转速增加至某一值时摩擦因数又随之增大;随着表面粗糙度和润滑剂压黏系数的增大,摩擦因数均明显增大。     

变压器极化谱特征量与绝缘状态关系研究

油纸变压器绝缘介质特性复杂,为了研究绝缘介质弛豫响应与油纸绝缘时域极化谱特征量的内在关系,以便将电气特征量法应用于无损诊断变压器绝缘状态,通过建立变压器油纸绝缘等效电路模型,仿真分析了回复电压极化谱特性,并在仿真基础上研究了不同绝缘状态下油纸绝缘时域极化谱特征量变化规律。结论表明,时域响应回复电压极化谱特征量能有效评估油纸变压器绝缘状态的差异,测试结果验证了等效电路模型对绝缘系统极化过程的有效反映,分析出电路参数仿真变化对应的回复电压特征量变化规律,为运用回复电压测试技术无损诊断变压器绝缘状态奠定了理论基础。     

矩形超声换能器空间脉冲响应计算方法研究

空间脉冲响应模型是一种可以高速、精确地计算平面型超声换能器瞬态声场的方法,该方法不需要对平面型探头的表面进行离散化或近轴近似处理。首先将空间点投影到换能器平面内,将构建空间脉冲响应函数转化为计算以该投影点为圆心,与换能器相交的圆弧段的圆心角。由于矩形换能器包括4个顶点和4条边线,其几何形状与圆形换能器相比较为特殊,所以当投影点位于平面内的不同位置时,其计算方法也不相同。首先将探头所在平面进行分区,当投影点位于同一分区中时,其空间脉冲响应函数的计算方法相同;然后给出了当投影点位于各个分区中时的空间脉冲响应函数的计算过程,分析了矩形换能器尺寸的变化对分区的影响;最后,对一维超声相控阵探头的瞬态辐射声场进行了计算实验,并采用动态光弹方法对瞬态声场进行观测实验。实验结果表明,不同的换能器尺寸对计算过程及结果有显著影响,本文计算方法可以有效地实现矩形超声波探头在均匀单一介质中的瞬态声场仿真计算,有利于对平面矩形类超声换能器进行优化设计。     

高温围岩封闭空气夹层隔热的理论与数值分析

随着矿井开采深度的增加以及深埋隧道的发展,高地温地下空间热害问题日益突出,研究如何控制围岩散热在其热害治理中具有重要意义。结合空气夹层在建筑围护结构中保温隔热的作用,提出应用封闭空气夹层控制围岩散热量的隔热方法。利用FLUNET建模分析了巷道为不同截面形状时相应封闭空气夹层结构内的自然对流换热特性,拟合了不同形状巷道的空气夹层内平均自然对流强化系数的计算式K_ave=f(Ra,2δ₂/d₃)。得到以下结论:(1)不同形状巷道的自然对流强化情况不同,差异产生的原因是空气夹层顶部对流换热强度不同;(2)空气夹层隔热方法可有效降低巷道壁面的总放热量;(3)空气层厚度对岩壁散热量影响不显著,但巷道底部宽度对总放热量有明显影响,最佳空气层厚度为8 cm左右。     

腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比试验研究

为了筛选腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比,研究了不同氮磷钾配比的腐植酸肥料对烟草生长、品质和产量的影响。试验结果表明:施用腐植酸肥料能降低烟草株高,增加烟草单叶重、基茎粗和茎重、根重和根长,有利于增强烟草抗倒伏能力;施用腐植酸肥料能增加烟叶干重产量,以处理3烟叶干重产量最高,为350.1 g,比对照增产93.64%;施用腐植酸肥料能提高烟草叶片质量,叶片颜色、光泽、油分与弹性均优于对照,以处理2烟叶质量最好。腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比为N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶(0.83~1.2)∶(1.2~1.33)。     

海水淡化泵用2507超级双相不锈钢铸件的焊接修复工艺

使用2507超级双相不锈钢铸造海水淡化泵的承压铸件,通过焊条电弧焊对铸件出现的缺陷进行焊接修复。确定海水淡化泵用2507超级双相不锈钢铸件的合理焊接修复工艺参数,用于指导海水淡化泵用2507超级双相不锈钢铸件的生产。结果表明,采用E2594-16焊条,热输入控制在1 800 J/cm以下,层间温度控制在≤100℃,焊后经过1 080℃固溶处理可以得到较优的修复质量。     

Cu/Al固液连接界面组织演化的定量分析

采用固-液法快冷成型制备了Cu/Al整体材料。利用SEM,EDS,XRD等分析了Cu/Al界面的微观结构和相组成,基于扩散方程并结合相图定量分析了Cu/Al界面组织演化过程。结果表明：从Cu侧至Al侧,界面依次形成了区域Ⅰ(AlCu+Al2Cu)混合组织,过共晶组织 [Al2Cu+(Al2Cu+α-Al)]的区域Ⅱ和亚共晶组织 [α-Al+(Al2Cu+α-Al)]的区域Ⅲ;随着界面Cu浓度的变化,Al2Cu相具有不同形貌;且各个区域厚度同理论值基本一致。     

Microstructures and Properties of Warm-Sprayed Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Coatings

Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) coatings were deposited onto 316L stainless steel substrates using an in-house developed warm spraying system. Microstructures of the coatings were comprehensively investigated. Microhardness, tensile strength and wear resistance of the CHA coatings were examined. In addition, bioactivities of the coatings were studied after immersing in simulated body fluid (SBF). Results show that the as-sprayed coatings exhibited typical lamellar architectures consisting of partially melted and flattened splats, i.e., with molten shells and un-molten cores of original powders. The CHA coatings had nearly identical Ca/P ratios, crystalline structures and phase constitutions to those of the feedstock powders, indicating that undesired decompositions caused by overheating can be avoided by employing the warm spraying process. Microhardness and tensile strength of as-sprayed coatings were around 690 and 11.4-20.6 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the warm-sprayed CHA coating exhibited a high resistance against abrasion wear when sliding took place with polymers. After being immersed in Hank’s SBF for 28 and 60 days, new apatite was formed on the coating surface corroborating the good biocompatibility of the coating.