Holonic transport scheduling with teletruck

TELETRUCK is a multiagent-based dispatch support system developed in close collaboration with forwarders and transport engineers. The system supports dispatch officers in route planning, fleet management, and driver scheduling. TELETRUCK allows for dynamic planning and online optimization of transport orders based on an integration with modern telecommunication facilities. The TELETRUCK approach uses holonic agents, i.e., agents composed of subagents that act in a corporated way, in order to achieve a flexible, structured resource management in the planning process. A brief overview is given of the current implementation status of the TELETRUCK application prototype. Communication, coordination, and resource control distinguishing holonic from common multiagent systems are discussed. The underlying algorithms and protocols are described. Future extensions of the approach for intermodal and intercompany transport planning are discussed aiming at a smooth integration of modern transport and telecommunication networks.     

A Jordan control canonical form for singular systems

A canonical form for controllable singular systems modulo restricted system equivalence is presented. The canonical form respects the decomposition of the singular system into a regular and an impulsive part. The construction is based on Popov's control canonical form and on the Jordan canonical form recently developed by Hinrichsen and Prätzel-Wolters. Continuity properties are analysed and the cellular partition of the orbit space induced by the canonical form is briefly discussed.     

Radiation-induced degradation of galactomannan polysaccharides

In this study, guar gum, tara gum and locust bean gum were irradiated in a gamma cell in the solid state. The change in their molecular weights were determined by size exclusion chromatography analysis and the change in their viscosity values with change of temperature and irradiation dose were determined. Chain scission yield, G(s), and degradation rate values were calculated. The calculated G(s) values is 1.09 ± 0.16, 1.07 ± 0.06, 0.85 ± 0.10 for GG, TG and LBG, respectively. The effect of mannose-galactose ratio and initial molecular weight of these gums on the degradation behavior were discussed.     

Synthesis and thermal properties of poly(styrene-co-ally alcohol)-graft-stearic acid copolymers as novel solid–solid PCMs for thermal energy storage

A series of poly(styrene-co-allyalcohol)-graft-stearic acid copolymers were synthesized as novel polymeric solid–solid phase change materials (SSPCMs). The graft copolymerization reactions between poly(styrene-co-allyalcohol) and stearoyl chloride were verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy techniques. The crystal morphology of the SSPCMs was investigated using polarized optical microscopy (POM) technique. Thermal energy storage properties of the synthesized SSPCMs were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The POM results showed that the crystalline phase of the copolymers transformed to amorphous phase above their phase transition temperatures. Thermal energy storage properties of the synthesized SSPCMs were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and found that they had typical solid–solid phase transition temperatures in the range of 27–30 °C and high latent heat enthalpy between 34 and 74 J/g. Especially, the copolymer with the mole ratio of 1/1 (poly(styrene-co-allyalcohol)/stearoyl chloride) is the most attractive one due to the highest latent heat storage capacity among them. The results of DSC and FT-IR analysis indicated that the synthesized SSPCMs had good thermal reliability and chemical stability after 5000 thermal cycles. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis results suggested that the synthesized SSPCMs had high thermal resistance. In addition, thermal conductivity measurements signified that the synthesized PCMs had higher thermal conductivity compared to that of poly(styrene-co-allyalcohol). The synthesized copolymers as novel SSPCMs have considerable potential for thermal energy storage applications such as solar space heating and cooling in buildings and greenhouses.     

大豆分离蛋白与染料木素共价交联对蛋白表征和结构的影响

探究大豆分离蛋白和染料木素的共价交联对蛋白表征和结构的影响。制备大豆分离蛋白与不同质量浓度染料木素（0、1.2、1.5、2.0 mg/mL）的共价复合物,通过探究粒径、Zeta电位、浊度、表面疏水性分析蛋白体系的表征变化,并采用紫外分光光度计、荧光分光光度计、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析蛋白体系的结构变化。结果表明：大豆分离蛋白与染料木素共价复合后,蛋白的中位径由135.6 μm最低减小至98.0 μm,Zeta电位绝对值由15.0 mV最高增大至21.4 mV,表面疏水性由216.0最低减小至115.5,总巯基含量由31.5 μmol/g最低减小至20.4 μmol/g。与对照组相比,共价复合物的浊度增加,并且实验组中SPI-Ge-1.2组低于SPI-Ge-1.5组和SPI-Ge-2.0组。光谱分析表明染料木素对大豆分离蛋白有猝灭效果,二者共价交联后蛋白质的色氨酸与酪氨酸残基所处的微环境疏水性减少,蛋白质二级结构中α-螺旋含量增多、β-折叠含量减少、β-转角含量增多、无规卷曲含量减少,并且加入1.2 mg/mL的染料木素对大豆分离蛋白的表征特征和结构影响效果更好。本研究结果表明在大豆分离蛋白中加入染料木素后,二者的共价交联能够影响蛋白的表征与结构。     

Signal‐to‐noise ratios for measuring saliency of features extracted by eigenvector methods from ophthalmic arterial Doppler signals

Abstract: Features are used to represent patterns with minimal loss of important information. The feature vector, which is composed of the set of all features used to describe a pattern, is a reduced‐dimensional representation of that pattern. Medical diagnostic accuracies can be improved when the pattern is simplified through representation by important features. By identifying a set of salient features, the noise in a classification model can be reduced, resulting in more accurate classification. In this study, a signal‐to‐noise ratio saliency measure was employed to determine the saliency of input features of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) used in classification of ophthalmic arterial Doppler signals. Eigenvector methods were used to extract features representing the ophthalmic arterial Doppler signals. The RNNs used in the ophthalmic arterial Doppler signal classification were trained for the signal‐to‐noise ratio screening method. The application results of the signal‐to‐noise ratio screening method to the ophthalmic arterial Doppler signals demonstrated that classification accuracies of RNNs with salient input features are higher than those of RNNs with salient and non‐salient input features.     

The effects of discontinuity surface roughness on the shear strength of weathered granite joints

Surface roughness is one of the most important parameters governing the shear strength of rock discontinuities. Roughness types may vary based on genesis, physico-mechanical, and mineralogical properties of rocks. In this study, granite samples representing three different weathering degrees were selected to evaluate the effects of surface roughness and weathering degree on shear strength. To this aim, we determined the profile roughness coefficient (PRC), profile roughness angle (PRA), and joint roughness coefficient (JRC) for the selected fresh and weathered granite joint samples. Values of PRC were in the range of about 1.043–1.073, and PRA and JRC varied in the ranges of 16.67–21.45 and 12–18, respectively. Weathering led to the increment of joint surface roughness of the selected granitic joints due to the higher resistance of quartz crystals in the weathered matrix. However, the increment in surface roughness did not result in an increase in the shear strength. On the contrary, the shear strength of discontinuities dramatically decreased.     

Preparation,characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation of rosuvastatin calcium incorporated cyclodextrin-polyanhydride nanoparticles

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to formulate, cyclodextrin (CD)-polyanhydride (PA) nanoparticles (CPNs) with rosuvastatin calcium (RCa) in order to enhance the poor oral bioavailability.

Methods: CPNs containing RCa/CD complexes were prepared by a modified solvent displacement method and morphological analyses, particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), encapsulation efficiency (EE), DSC, FT-IR, XRD, ¹H-NMR analyses were performed. In vitro release properties, release kinetics, cytotoxicity, in vitro permeability and pharmacokinetic studies were also studied. The stability of the formulations were evaluated during the storage period of 3?months.

Results: The physicochemical studies showed that the RCa/CD complexes were well incorporated into CPNs resulted in nanosized particles (215.22 and 189.13?nm) with homogenous size distribution (PDI: 0.203 and 0.182) with relatively high incorporation capacity (76.11 and 68.18%) for the CPN1 and CPN2 formulations respectively. Sustained release of RCa from CPNs were achieved. The cytotoxicity values showed that the safety of the formulations. According to permeability studies, pure RCa had lowest permeability data (3.08?×?10^?7?cm?s^?1 P_app value) while CPNs gained higher permeability data (1.36?×?10^?5 and 1.12?×?10^?5?cm?s^?1 P_app values) for the CPN1 and CPN2 formulations respectively. CPN2 formulation was selected for pharmacokinetic studies and analyses results demonstrated that approximately 8-fold relative oral bioavailability enhancement compared to the pure RCa was achieved.

Conclusion: Considering the analyses results of the study, CPNs can be regarded as suitable, safe, functional oral delivery systems for RCa with enhanced oral bioavailability.     

中国食用菌产业发展现状, 机遇和挑战——走中国特色菇业发展之路, 实现食用菌产业强国之梦

食用菌营养丰富,是优质蛋白质的潜在来源。本研究以18个常见食用菌品种为研究对象,分析了食用菌中的水分、灰分、蛋白、总糖和L-麦角硫因等营养成分,并采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用法（HS-SPME-GC-MS）分析了其中6种食用菌子实体、菌丝体及发酵液的风味物质。结果表明,18种食用菌水分含量为6.7~13.77 g/100 g、灰分含量为2.24~10.9 g/100 g、脂肪含量为0.3~2.92 g/100 g、总糖含量为2.11~10.5 g/100 g。粗蛋白含量在7.88~35.87 g/100 g之间,其中双孢菇的蛋白质含量高达35.87 g/100 g。氨基酸种类齐全、含量丰富且含有人体必需的8种必需氨基酸。主成分分析表明香菇、黑木耳、灰树花、草菇和金针菇等食用菌的氨基酸组成比例与鸡蛋最相似,但与肉类、大豆和小麦等氨基酸组成相差较大。高效液相色谱结果表明香菇中富含麦角硫因,含量高达336 mg/kg,且灰树花、羊肚菌、双孢菇和鸡腿菇的麦角硫因含量也高于100 mg/kg。HS-SPME-GC-MS在6种食用菌中共鉴定出34种主要挥发性化合物,包括醛类、酮类、酯类、醇类、酚类、醚类、烷烃类和杂环化合物。灵芝菌丝体富含己醛、甲基壬基甲酮、反-2-辛烯醛、2-正戊基呋喃、2,4-壬二烯醛等成分,与其他17种样品有明显差异;6种食用菌发酵液的风味物质相似,均具有庚酸乙酯、18-冠醚-6等特有风味物质;而灵芝、鸡腿菇子实体以及杏鲍菇菌丝具有2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、苯甲酸甲酯等特有风味。本研究通过分析常见食用菌的营养成分及风味物质,为食用菌的高值化开发提供了数据基础。