Propolis and carnauba wax-based safflower oil oleogels as fat substitutes in cakes: Production,oxidative stability,and characterization

In this study, safflower oil oleogels were made using propolis wax and carnauba wax in three different concentrations each, and their effectiveness as a fat substitute in cake was evaluated afterward. Oleogels' oxidative stability and characterization were looked into. In oleogels, the oil binding capacity, solid fat content, and crystallization time were all assessed. The cakes underwent an examination for moisture content, texture, and sensory evaluation. Additionally, analyses of fatty acid composition, free fatty acidity, oxidative stability (peroxide value, conjugated diene-triene), 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), and glycidyl were carried out both before and after baking in oleogels and shortening. Several of the physical, textural, and sensory qualities of the oleogel-based cakes were acceptable when compared to those of the shortening-based cakes. The general acceptability of cakes made with carnauba wax was very high and almost under control. The acceptability of cakes made with propolis wax oleogels was lower than this. The study of these criteria has shown that safflower oil-based carnauba and propolis wax oleogels can be utilized to produce high-quality, healthful cakes with a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Practical Applications : To replace fat phases in cake products high in saturated fatty acids and to enhance the fatty acid profile of the cakes, safflower oil-based oleogels with propolis wax and carnauba wax are a very good option. The results obtained provide useful information for the production of high-quality cakes with higher unsaturated fatty acid content, recommended for a healthier diet, with these oleogels containing different concentrations of oleogelator.     

Creating a high-quality wool-oriented Turkish merino herd and investigation of mechanical and dyeability properties of fabrics produced from Turkish merino in comparison with Australian merino

Today, the need for quality wool suitable for worsted fabric production in the world is mainly met by Australian merino wool. In Turkey, which has a significant sheep population, in addition to domestic breeds, approximately 10% of the total sheep population (around four million head) is composed of merino cross breeds. However, the fleece quality is far from meeting Australian merino wool standards. Therefore, the aim of this study is to ensure a merino herd with high-quality wool in Turkey. For this aim, by carrying out field studies in the Thrace region of Turkey where Turkish Merino sheep are widely bred, sheep with fleece that can meet the demands of the worsted industry were determined. As a result of field studies in which thousands of sheep were examined, it was determined that 43 female and 10 male sheep had fleece that would meet these standards. Then the breeders of the sheep, which had quality fleece, were persuaded and these sheep were purchased, and “Turkey's wool-oriented Turkish (Karacabey) Merino Herd” consisting of 30 sheep and three rams was formed in the farm of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University. In the second part of this study, a 100% wool fabric produced by using Australian merino was taken as a reference and it was aimed to produce the same fabric from Turkish merino wool. For this aim, the wool-oriented Turkish Merino herd, which was bred at the university farm for 1 year, was shorn in May 2022. Then, Turkish and Australian merino wools were first converted into worsted yarn and then into woven fabric. The results of mechanical (tensile strength, pilling, abrasion resistance, felting shrinkage, Hofmann dimensional change, bending stiffness) and dyeability (dye-uptake, CIE L*a*b* and colour yield (K/S) values; washing, rubbing and light fastness values) properties of fabrics produced from Turkish and Australian merino wool is presented.     

Comparison of additive effects on the PVA/starch cryogels: Synthesis,characterization, cytotoxicity,and genotoxicity studies

The research goal of this study is to produce suitable scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Different ratios of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (90:10, 70:30, 50:50) and crosslinking methods have been used to prepare cryogels. Chemically crosslinked cryogels were synthesized using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. For the physically crosslinked cryogels, sodium dodecyl sulfate was used during cryogelation as the foaming agent. Chemical structure and pore morphology were demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Swelling ratio and degradation profile of the scaffolds were also determined. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and SEM were used to investigate the biocompatibility of the scaffolds and cell morphology. Genotoxicity test was performed to show DNA fragmentation. The overall results demonstrated that PVA/starch cryogels could have potentially appealing application as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and additives affect the architecture and characteristic properties of the cryogels.     

Antibacterial poly{(4‐vinyl phenylboronic acid)‐co‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]} copolymers and their application in water‐based paints

Herein, we report the synthesis of poly(4‐vinylphenylboronic acid) (PVPBA) and poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) homopolymers, copolymers, and their methyl, pentyl, and octyl quaternized forms as dopant in water‐based permanent antibacterial paints. Both quaternized and nonquaternized forms of P(VPBA‐co‐DMAEMA) copolymers have reflected higher MIC values relative to PDMAEMA homopolymers. High molecular weight copolymers were more active against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, contrarily, lower molecular weight copolymers showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The paint films prepared with quaternized PDMAEMA homopolymers with a weight of 10% showed better antibacterial activity in water and airborne tests than the copolymers. However, it has been shown that the inadequate anti‐biofilm properties of homopolymer‐containing paint films are overcome with the VPBA content of the copolymer structure and the most effective antibacterial and anti‐biofilm properties have been obtained with paint films containing P(VPBA‐co‐5QDMAEMA) copolymers. These paint films, which can maintain antibacterial and anti‐biofilm properties for at least 1 year, have the potential to be an alternative to Ag/Cl based solid surfaces which require the active substance to be regenerated. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46245.     

An investigation of some Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitors for austenitic chromium–nickel steel in H2SO4

The corrosion inhibition of austenitic chromium–nickel steel by two Schiff bases, N-(1-toluidine)salicylaldimine and N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)salicylaldimine, was investigated in sulphuric acid medium. The effect of concentration and temperature on inhibition properties was determined. It was found that when the concentrations of inhibitor were increased the inhibition efficiencies () and surface coverage () increased. Some thermodynamic parameters such as free energy of adsorption, G _ads, and enthalpy, H, were determined for the Schiff bases. Experimental results agree with the Temkin isotherm for N-(1-toluidine)salicylaldimine, but the Langmuir isotherm is more appropriate for N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)salicylaldimine.     

Properties of pumice aggregate concretes at elevated temperatures and comparison with ANN models

The mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of concretes including pumice aggregate (PA) exposed to elevated temperature were analyzed by thermal conductivity, compressive strength, flexure strength, dynamic elasticity modulus (DEM) and dry unit weight tests. PA concrete specimens were cast by replacing a varying part of the normal aggregate (0–2 mm) with the PA. All concrete samples were prepared and cured at 23 ± 10C lime saturated water for 28 days. Compressive strength of concretes including PA decreased that reductions were 14, 19, 25 and 34% for 25, 50, 75 and 100% PA, respectively. The maximum thermal conductivity of 1.9382 W/mK was observed with the control samples containing normal aggregate. The tests were carried out by subjecting the samples to a temperature of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 500, 600 and 700 °C for 3 h, then cooling by air cooling or in water method. The results indicated that all concretes exposed to a temperature of 500 and 700 °C occurred a significant decrease in thermal conductivity, compressive strength, flexure strength and DEM. An artificial neural network (ANN) approach was used to model the thermal and mechanical properties of PA concretes. The predicted values of the ANN were in accordance with the experimental data. The results indicate that the model can predict the concrete properties after elevated temperatures with adequate accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effects of tannins on adhesion strength and surface roughness of varnished wood after accelerated weathering

This study evaluated the effect of accelerated weathering on the adhesion strength and surface roughness of beech wood (Fagus orientalis) treated with mimosa and quebracho extracts and coated with polyurethane, water-based, and cellulosic varnishes. Untreated beech wood blocks and beech wood blocks treated with Tanalith-E were used as control samples. Test samples were exposed to accelerated weathering processes of 100 and 300 h. According to the test results, the mean adhesion strength of the wood samples impregnated with mimosa and quebracho tannins decreased by a maximum of 20%, while increases in the mean surface roughness (R _a) were detected. The highest adhesion strength and lowest mean surface roughness were obtained with polyurethane varnish. Moreover, the mean adhesion strength increased with the accelerated weathering up to 100 h and then decreased thereafter. As a result of the weathering process, the mean surface roughness increased and was thus negatively affected.     

Photoluminescence characterization and heat treatment effect on luminescence behavior of BaTa2O6:Dy3+ phosphor

Undoped and Dy³⁺‐doped barium tantalate phosphors were synthesized by the solid‐state reaction method at 1425°C. Also, 10 mol% Dy³⁺‐doped BaTa₂O₆ was sintered between 1150 and 1425°C in order to determine temperature effect on structural and luminescence properties. Afterwards, they were characterized by XRD, SEM‐EDS and photoluminescence (PL) analyses. PL spectra exhibited the excitation peaks between 300 and 440 nm. Two typical emissions were observed at 486.2 nm (blue) and 577.7 nm (yellow) due to the ⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2 and ⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2 transitions, respectively. Emission intensities increased with increasing doping concentration of Dy³⁺ up to 10 mol% and then decreased due to the concentration quenching effect. Moreover, depending on the increase in heat treatment temperature, the intensity of emission reached maximum at 1425°C. The calculated CIE chromaticity coordinates of phosphors located in the white light region.     

Analysis of Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Poly(2-Phenyl-1,3-Dioxolane-4-Yl-Methyl-Methacrylate-Co-Styrene) Polymer with Inverse Gas Chromatography

In this study, physical and thermodynamic properties of poly(2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl-methyl-methacrylate-co-styrene) (PDMMA-ST) were investigated by using inverse gas chromatography. Two groups of solvents with different chemical natures and polarities were used to obtain information about PDMMA-ST-solvent interactions: alcohols and alkanes. The specific retention volume (V_g ⁰), the sorption enthalpy (ΔH₁ ^S), sorption free energy (ΔG₁ ^S), sorption entropy (ΔS₁ ^S), the weight fraction activity coefficients of solute probes at infinite dilution (Ω ₁ ^∞), and Flory-Huggins interaction parameters (χ ₁₂ ^∞) between polymer and solvents were determined for the interactions of PDMMA-ST with alcohols and alkanes by inverse gas chromatography in the temperature range of 333–473 K. Also, the solubility parameters of PDMMA-ST at infinite dilution were found by plotting the graph of [(δ ₁ ²/RT) - χ ₁₂ ^∞/V₁] versus solubility parameters, δ ₁, of probes.     

Effects of Nanoparticles on Film Properties of Waterborne Acrylic Emulsions

Waterborne acrylic emulsion was obtained by using methyl methacrylate, ethyl and butyl acrylate monomers. Emulsions containing nanoparticles were prepared by blending the stable dispersions containing SiO₂ or MMT nanoparticles. The films were prepared from emulsions and coating tests were applied. The physical properties of prepared emulsions are better than the commercial emulsions. The addition of the nanoparticles especially SiO₂ have positive effect on the resistance to environmental conditions of emulsions. Waterborne acrylic emulsions containing nanoparticles prepared in this study can be used in the manufacturing of the semi-lustrous emulsion type nano paint with low cost, high performance and environmentally friendly.